Chapter 13: Social Psychology (4B) Flashcards
What is an attribution?
Casual explanations of the behaviour
What is di spositional (internal) attribution
The behaviour was caused because of the person
What is situational (external) attribution?
The behaviour was caused by the situation
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to use dispositional attributions to explain the behaviour of other people
What is the actor-observer effect?
We tend to make situational attributions about our behaviour and personal attributions about the behaviour of others
What is the self serving bias?
The tendency to attribute successes to internal causes and faculties to external ones
EX: doing good or bad on a quiz
What are norms?
Social rules about how members of a society are excepted to act; provide order and predictability
What are descriptive norms?
agree-on expectations about what members of a group do
What are injunctive norms?
Agreed-on expectations about what members of a group ought to do
What is a social role?
A set of norms ascribed to a person’s social position: expectations and duties associated with the individual’s position in the family, at work, in the community, and in other settings.
What is conformity?
The tendency to yield social pressure
Card A vs Card B lines
What did the Asch studies conclude?
- key factor is group unanimity
- size of the group and number of choices affects influence
- he found that the conformity effect is not strong when the group’s size is less that four numbers
What is the connection between individualistic cultures and conformity?
People in individualistic cultures often consider conformity to be a bad thing. Typically, members of this kind of culture want to stand out and be different, i.e, to have their own identity
What is the connection between collectivist cultures and conformity?
Collectivist cultures usually value fitting in with other people. They see virtue in conforming to social norms and view conformity its as an indication of maturity, respect for others and appropriate self-control.
What is obedience?
The act of following direct commands, unusually given by an authority figure