LESSON 14: BACTERIAL GENETICS Flashcards
- is the science of heredity; study of genes and
information it carries.
GENETICS
are containing DNA that carry hereditary information; the chromosomes carry the genes.
CHROMOSOMES
-is the genetic information that a cell carry that includes
chromosomes and plasmid.
GENOME
are segments of DNA (except in RNA viruses) that code for functional products.
GENES
The cells DNA exist as long strands of nucleotides twisted together in pairs to f
DOUBLE HELIX
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of repeating units called?
NUCLEOTIDES
Nucleotide consist of :
NITROGENOUS BASE
DEOXYRIBOSE
PHOSPHATE GROUP
The two strands are held by________ between base pairs.
HYDROGEN BONDS
These strands have two designation called:
5 prime end & 3 prime end
5 & 3 represent the?
represent the 5th and 3rd carbon atom of the
sugar ring.
is the end, which joins a phosphate group that attaches to
another nucleotide
5th end
is the end important as during replication the new nucleotide is added to the end.
3rd end
is the genetic makeup of an organism that codes for all its
characteristics
GENOTYPE
actual expressed properties of an organism or the manifestation of a genotype
PHENOTYPE
the two strands uncoil and permanently
separate from each other.
DNA REPLICATION
both the parental strands must unwind due to an enzyme called?
Topoisomerase or gyrase
separate permanently into single stranded state made
possible by this enzyme?
HELICASE
are short Sequences of RNA, around 10 nucleotide in length
PRIMERS
it synthesizes the primers the?
PRIMASE
New nucleotides are added one by one to the end of
growing strand by an enzyme called ?
DNA POLYMERASE
The strandwhich is synthesized in the same direction as the replication fork, is known as? 5’-3’
LEADING STRAND
the strand being synthesized in the other direction, which is known as 3’-5’?
LAGGING STRAND
in lagging strand polymerase has to synthesized this _______ as it moves to replication fork.
FRAGMENTS or OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS
When DNA polymerase is adding nucleotides to the lagging strand and creating Okazaki fragments, it at times leaves a gap or two between the fragments. These gaps are filled with?
LIGASE
This process wherein genetic information in DNA is
copied or transcribed into a complimentary base sequence of RNA ?
TRANSCRIPTION
carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are
synthesized
messenger RNA
RNA synthesis starts at a site in the strand called
PROMOTER
until RNA synthesis reaches a site on the DNA called??
TERMINATOR
protein synthesis is called_____ because it decodes and translates the genetic codes (codons) made during transcription into specific proteins which
consists of a series of amino acids
TRANSLATION
while the nonsense codons signal the ends of protein synthesis thus called??
STOP CODONS