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infectious disease > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Describe gram negative HÁČEK organism growth and sources of infection

A

Slow growing, requires CO2
Oral cavity, mouth, intestine, bacterial endocarditis

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2
Q

What are the HÁČEK organism

A

Haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella

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3
Q

How to diagnose gram negative HÁČEK infections

A

Culture

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4
Q

Treatment options for HACEK

A

Rocephin
Ampicillin/sulbactam
Zosyn

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5
Q

What is the most common bacteriocide genus found in the human intestine

A

Gram negative, obligate Bacteroids fragilis

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6
Q

What is the most common source of bacteroids fragilis

A

Colon, typically associated with abscesses and bowel adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis for bacteroids fragilis

A

Culture

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8
Q

Treatment options for bacteroids fragilis

A

Metronidazole
Zosyn

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9
Q

Name the 5 types of enterobacteriaceae

A

E. Coli
Klebsiella
Shigella
Enterobacter
Salmonella

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10
Q

Why are enterobacteriaceae difficult to kill

A

Highly virulent
MDRO
ESBL

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11
Q

Enterobacteriaceae treatment options

A

Zosyn
Aztreonam
Cipro
Cefepime

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12
Q

E. coli gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative bacilli that can produce ESBL

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13
Q

Transmission of E. Coli

A

Community acquired
GI, GU, or blood

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14
Q

E. Coli treatment options

A

Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolone
Cabapenem if ESBL

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15
Q

Klebsiella Pneumoniae gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative bacilli anaerobic, produces ESBL

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16
Q

Klebsiella sources of infection

A

Lobar pneumonia
Liver abcess
UTI

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17
Q

How to diagnose Klebsiella

A

Culture and gram stain

18
Q

Klebsiella treatment

A

Based on susceptibility

19
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative rod
MDRO

20
Q

Sources of pseudomonas Aeruginosa infections and at risk patients

A

Nosocomial: UTIs, VAP, CLABI, CAUTI
At risk patients include: Cystic fibrosis, neutropenia, burns, or wound infections

21
Q

Pseudomonas diagnosis

A

Sputum culture

22
Q

Treatment options for pseudomonas

A

Zosyn, cephalosporins, monobactam, Carbopenems

23
Q

Bordetella Pertussis gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative aerobic encapsulated coccobacillus

24
Q

Transmission of Bordetella Pertussis

A

Highly communicable
Nonspecific URI

25
Q

Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis

A

Nasopharyngeal culture, PCR, or serologic assays

26
Q

Bordetella Pertussis treatment

A

Azithromycin

27
Q

What is the major cause of morbidity among sexually active individuals worldwide

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

28
Q

What is the 2nd most common reported communicable disease in US

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoae

29
Q

Clinical findings indicative of Neisseria Gonorrhoae

A

Urethritis in men
Cervicitis in Women
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Infertility
Rectal in pharynx infections in MSM
Endocarditis
Meningitis

30
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoae diagnosis

A

Rapid gonococal screening of uretheral exudates
NAAT (will not give susceptibilities)

31
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated N. Gonorrhoae

A

Rocephin 250mg IM plus Azithromycin 1g po x 1
Avoid fluroquinolones

32
Q

Treatment plan for disseminated N. Gonorrhoae

A

Rocephin 1 g IV pluse Azithromycin 1 gram PO until 48 hours after improvement
Transition to cefixime 400mg po daily x 7 days

33
Q

What is the most common case of syphillis in US MSM

A

Treponema Pallidum

34
Q

What is the gram stain and shape of Treponema Pallidum

A

Gram negative spirochete

35
Q

Transmission of Treponema Pallidum

A

Sexual contact, mother to fetus
Unprotected sex

36
Q

S/S of early Treponema Pallidum

A

Infectious stage: Primary lesions w/chancre on Penis, Labia, or anorectal region. Typically non-tender, non-purulent, and infuriated. Multiple chancre typically indicated HIV.
Lymphadenopathy
Vision loss
Hearing loss

37
Q

S/s of tertiary and congenital syphilis

A

Highly destructive and permanently disabling

38
Q

What is the hallmark of the treponema Pallidum lesions on microscope

A

Abundance of spirochetes

39
Q

Testing for Treponema Pallidum

A

Nontreponemal antibody testing (VDRL and RPR) most common
Treponema antibody testing used to confirm

40
Q

How often are high risk patients screened for syphillis

A

Q 3 months

41
Q

Treatment of syphilis

A

PCN G 2.4 million units IM x1
OR
Doxycycline 100mg po BID x14 days
Tetracycline 500mg po QID x 14 days

infectious disease (14 decks)

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