Listeria, Tetanus, And Botulsim Flashcards
Gram stain and shape of Listeria
Facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, gram positive rod
How is listeria transmitted
High concentrations found in n processed foods
Subsequent infections from Listeria
Gastroenteritis, Bacteremia, meningitis, septicemia
High risk groups for listeria infections
Pregnant and immunocompromised
Diagnostics for listeria
Blood cultures, CSF, or amniotic fluid
Treatment plan for listeria
Ampicillin 2g IV q6 or Bactrim
Add gentamicin
Listeria duration of ABX (bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, brain abscess/encephalitis)
Bacteremia: 2 weeks
Meningitis: 3 weeks
Endocarditis: 4-6 weeks
Brain abscess or encephalitis: 6-8 weeks
Clostridium tetani gram stain and shape
Anaerobic, gram positive, spore forming rod
Transmission of C. Tetani
Found in environment, can survive intestinal track and fecal carriage
S/s C. Tetani infection
Skeletal muscle spasm and ANS disturbance. Muscles of face and jaw are first. Trismus, muscle pain and stiffness, back pain, dysphagia, can lead to respiratory failure and cardiovascular compromise
Treatment plan for C. Tetani
Flagyl 500mg IV q6h x 7 days.
Clean and debridement of every wound, removal of pockets
Human Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) 3,000-5,000 IU IM, injection around wound
OR Equine antitoxin 10,000-20,000 units IM x1
Heavy sedation to control spasms
Phenobarbital and IV mag
Intubation with potential for Trach
Vaccine
Gram stain and shape of botulism toxin
Anaerobic gram positive spore forming
4 types of botulism toxin strains
C. Botulinum
C. Argentinense
C. Baratii
C. Butyricum
General categories of botulism infections
Food contamination
Wound botulism
Infant botulism
Adult intestinal colonization
S/s of botulism infection
Bilateral cranial nerve palsies descending bilateral flaccid paralysis or voluntary muscles which progress to respiratory compromise.
