Chapter 15: Disorders (6A) Flashcards

1
Q

What is abnormal psychology?

A

The scientific study of psychological disorders

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2
Q

What are the four key features of psychological dysfunction?

A

Deviance - emotions that deviate (stray away from) from the beliefs of society
Distress - behaviours, ideas, and emotions usually must also cause distress or unhappiness.
Dysfunction - Behaviours that inter fear with daily functioning
Danger - often times they are more likely to be dangerous to themselves rather than other.

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3
Q

What is eccentric?

A

Eccentric is when an individual deviates from common behaviour patterns or displays odd behaviour but they do not suffer from psychological disorders. Eccentricity is chosen while mental health disorders not.

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4
Q

What is the international classification of diseases?

A

It is a system used by most countries to classify psychological disorders. It was published by the World Health Organization

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders?

A

Manuel used to diagnose mental disorders in Canada. It provides a categorical list of symptoms or over 200 mental disorders

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6
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

A clinician’s determination that a persons cluster systems represent a particular disorder

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7
Q

What is comorbidity?

A

The condition in which a person’s symptoms qualify him or her for two or more diagnosis

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8
Q

What is a neurdevelopmental disorder?

A

Disorders with their onset in the developmental period before the child enters grade school; usually involve impairments in personal, social, or academic functioning.

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9
Q

What are Neurocognitive disorders?

A

Disorders where the primary clinical deficit is cognitive function. The deficit reflects a decrease from previous state of functioning

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10
Q

What are substance related and addictive disorders?

A

Disorders that involve the activation of reward anyways and reward systems due to sub ante use or induced by substances; also includes gambling disorder

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11
Q

What is schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic disorders?

A

Disorders defined by abnormalities in the form of delusions, disordered thoughts or behaviours, or negative symptoms such as avoliation(lack of motivation) or loss of communication ability

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12
Q

What is depressive disorders?

A

The prices of sad, empty, or irritable mood that typically goes along with food or cognitive changes

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13
Q

What are bipolar and related disorders?

A

Alternating bouts of positive affects that are followed by prolonged periods of sadness and other symptoms of depression

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14
Q

What is anxiety disorders?

A

Disorders that share features of excessive fear or anxiety and related behavioural disturbances

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15
Q

What are obsessive compulsive disorders?

A

Disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts or behavioural rituals

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16
Q

What are trauma and stressor related disorders?

A

Disorders that reflect exposure to a distressing event or events

17
Q

What are somatic symptoms and related disorders?

A

Disorders with prominent somatic symptoms associated with impairment and distress

18
Q

What is dissociative disorder?

A

Disruption or discontinuity in the typical integration of copiousness, perception, memory, emotion, identity, or body representation

19
Q

What are feeding and eating disorders?

A

Disturbance in eating-related behaviour that impairs physical health/psychosocial functioning

20
Q

what is sexual dysfunctional disorder ?

A

Disorders with great heterogeneity that usually involve a clinically significant disturbance in the ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure

21
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A

Persistent distress due to the discrepancy between one’s expressed or experienced gender verses initially assigned gender.

22
Q

What is paraphrasing disorder?

A

Disorders that reflect intense adn persistence sexual interest other than the stimulation found in normal physically mature and consenting human partners

23
Q

What is sleep-wake disorder?

A

Disorder involving the dissatisfaction in the quality, timing/amount of sleep

24
Q

What are disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders?

A

Under-controlled behaviours that violate the rights of others/ bring the perosn into serious conflict with societal orbs authority figures

25
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

Persuasive inflexible behavioural patters that deviate markedly with social expectation. These disorders often involve a lack of insight about how personal actions cause distress in others

26
Q

What does the neuroscience model look at?

A
  • Abnormal behaviour is an it’s caused by malfunctioning brain:
  • genetic ineheritance
  • viral infection
  • hormones
  • brain structure and abnormalities
  • too few or too many of certain types of neurotransmitters
    Does not take into account additional factors such as environmental experiences
27
Q

What does the cognitive-behavioural model say?

A
  • Disorders are the result form problematic learned behaviours and dysfunctional cognitive processes
28
Q

What is selective perception?

A

Seeing only the negative features of an event

29
Q

What is magnification?

A

Exaggerating the importance of undesirable events

30
Q

What is overgeneralization?

A

Drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event

31
Q

What is the psychodynamic model?

A

Abnormal behaviours or symptoms are viewed as the consequences of conflicts between these forces or as unconscious attempts to resolve conflicts and lessen painful inner turmoil.
- Freud

32
Q

What is fixation?

A

Being trapped at an early stage of development

33
Q

What is the socio-cultural model?

A

A sociaty characteristics stressors for some of its members such as:
- family systems
- socioeconomic class membership
- social change
- cultural background
-social networks

34
Q

What is the developmental model of psychopathology?

A

This model studies how problem behaviours evolve as a function of a persons genes and early experiences and how these early issues affect the person at later life stages

35
Q

What are risk factors?

A

Biological and environmental factors that contribute to problem outcomes

36
Q

What is equifinality?

A

The idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome

37
Q

What is Multifinality?

A

The idea that children can start form the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes

38
Q

What is resilience?

A

he ability to recover rom or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances