Lecture 28

Question 1

ethanol & bed spin

Answer 1

ethanol change gravity of the fluid , otolith neutrally buoyant, otolith float up, impression of acceleration

Question 2

gustation

Answer 2

papillae, taste bud, taste cell, taste afferent, taste pore

Question 3

signal transduction of gustation

Answer 3

salty: Na pass through Na channel
sour: H interact directly w/ ion channel
bitter: block ion channel/ react & trigger G protein cascade
sweet: trigger G protein cascade
umami: glutamate receptor, G protein cascade

Question 4

central taste pathway

Answer 4

cranial nerve, medulla, thalamus, ipsilateral gustatory cortex

Question 5

olfaction transduction

Answer 5

odor molecule enter nasal cavity
dissolve into mucus that line nasal cavity
bind to olfactory receptor cell
enter olfactory bulb
odorant binding, G protein activation, ion channel open

Question 6

central olfactory pathway

Answer 6

olfactory bulb straight to limbic system

Question 7

state of consciousness def

Answer 7

level of arousal

Question 8

conscious experience eg

Answer 8

thought, feeling, desire, idea

Question 9

EEG

Answer 9

activity of neuron located near the scalp in the gray matter of the cortex
awake: low amplitude, high frequency
sleep: high amplitude, low frequency

Question 10

REM 特点

Answer 10

increased eye movement
increased inhibition of skeletal muscle
increased heart rate and respiration

Question 11

circadian rhythm

Answer 11

mediate by reticular activating system & hypothalamus

Question 12

awake

Answer 12

brainstem
aminergic neuron active
increase norepinephrine
increase serotonin
decrease ACh
hypothalamus
decrease GABA
increase histamine

Question 13

primary neurotransmitter for reward pathway

Answer 13

dopamine