Chapter 15: DNA and Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Question 1

DNA structure

Answer 1

double-stranded, each strand consisting of deoxyribonucleotides

Question 2

Deoxyribonucleotide

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Question 3

How are phosphodiester linkages created

Answer 3

Formed when phosphate group of one nucleotide connects with the hydroxyl group the sugar of another nucleotide

Question 4

2 major features of DNA

Answer 4

Backbone made up of sugar and phosphate groups of phosphodiester linkages

Series of bases that project from each sugar at the backbone

Question 5

Double helix

Answer 5

Secondary structure of DNA, consisting of two anti-parallel DNA strands wound around each other.

Question 6

Complementary base pairings

Answer 6

Association between specific nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids stabilized by hydrogen bonding

Question 7

Semiconservative replication

Answer 7

If parental strands of DNA separated, each one could then be used as a template for synthesis of a new daughter strand.

Question 8

Conservative replication

Answer 8

If the bases of both strands temporarily turned out from the helix, they could serve as a template for the synthesis of an entirely new double helix all at once.

Question 9

Dispersive replication

Answer 9

Proposed that the parental double helix was fragmented into small pieces before replication and then each piece was replicated by either a conservative or semiconservative mechanism

Question 10

DNA polymerase

Answer 10

Any enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA

Question 11

Deoxyribonucleoside

Answer 11

Monomer used by DNA polymerase to polymerize DNA.

Structure: Consists of sugar deoxyribose, a base, and three phosphate groups

Question 12

Origin of replication

Answer 12

Sequence of bases on a chromosome where DNA replication begins

Question 13

Replication fork

Answer 13

Y shaped site where double stranded molecule of DNA is seperated into two single strands for replication on which DNA synthesis occurs.