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Revision > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

which colour do nuclei go when stained with haemotoxylin

A

purple

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2
Q

when naming stratified epithelium, what is used to determine which cell type to use

A

whatever cell type is on the outer layer

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3
Q

what does epithelium line

A

the lumen of tubular organs and body cavities, as well as externally covering the body and organs

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4
Q

what are epithelial cells anchored to

A

each other and the basement membrane

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5
Q

what joins epithelial cells together

A

desmosomes

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6
Q

is there an extracellular matrix on epithelial cells

A

no they are too tightly anchored together

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7
Q

is epithelium vascularised

A

no

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8
Q

where do capillaries reside if there is no vasculature in the epithelial layer

A

the underlying loose connective tissue

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9
Q

where is the nucleus of columnar cells located

A

basally

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10
Q

what does cilia function to do

A

move

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11
Q

what does microvili function to do

A

increase surface area for increased absorption

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12
Q

what forms a brush border

A

columnar epithelial cells with their microvilli

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13
Q

what is the function of simple squamous epithelium

A

diffusion
filtration
lubrication

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14
Q

where is simple squamous found

A

alveoli
nephrons
blood vessels
serous glands
lymphatics

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15
Q

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

absorption or secretion

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16
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found

A

sweat glands, salivary glands, nephrons, renal tubules, and ovaries

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17
Q

what is the function of simple columnar epithelium

A

absorption or secretion

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18
Q

which epithelial cell type contain narrow nuclei

A

columnar

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19
Q

in which epithelial cell type are cilia and microvilli found

A

columnar

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20
Q

where is simple columnar epithelium found

A

stomach to anus
glands
airways
uterine tube

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21
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

protect underlying tissue from abrasion

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22
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium found

A

epidermis
oesophagus
vagina
just think about wherever abrasion would occur

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23
Q

what is the function of transitional epithelium

A

stretch and permit dissension of urinary organs

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24
Q

where is transitional epithelium found

A

only in the urinary system

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25
Q

what is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

mucous secretion due to presence of goblet cells and propulsion of mucous to the pharynx and oral cavity by cilia

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26
Q

where is pseudostratified epithelium found

A

trachea and bronchi

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27
Q

where is all connective tissue derived from

A

the embryological mesenchyme

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28
Q

describe the structure of connective tissues

A

very few cell surrounded by an extracellular matrix with lots of space between the cells

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29
Q

what is the most common cell type found in connective tissue proper

A

fibroblasts

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30
Q

what are fibroblasts

A

the primary connective tissue cell that synthesises collagen and elastin

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31
Q

what are adipocytes

A

fat cells that function in storing lipid content and have a peripherally located nucleus.

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32
Q

what are mast cells

A

inflammatory cells that secrete histamine

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33
Q

where is loose connective tissue found

A

deep to all epithelial cell basement membranes

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34
Q

describe dense irregular connective tissue

A

strong in all directions and found in the submucosa of organs and in the dermis

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35
Q

describe dense regular connective tissue

A

strong in one direction and found in tendons

36
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A

ribs

36
Q

what is the function of chondrocytes

A

matured chondroblasts, maintain cartilage

36
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

ear

37
Q

what cells are found in the blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

38
Q

what do platelets do

A

clot blood

39
Q

function of white blood cells

A

immunity

40
Q

what is the myocardium

A

the cardiac muscle cell wall of the heart

41
Q

what is involved in the connective tissue bundling of muscle fibres

A

endomysium surrounds muscle fibres. perymysium surrounds fasicles. endomysium encases entire muscles

41
Q

structure of skeletal muscle cells

A

long and striated

41
Q

structure of smooth muscle fibres

A

non striated

42
Q

why are smooth muscle fibres described as non striated

A

due to the irregular arrangement of myosin and actin

42
Q

what are glial cells

A

supporting cells

43
Q

what do oligodendrocytes do

A

produce myelin surrounding neuronal axons in the central nervous system

43
Q

describe astrocytes

A

star shaped glial cells that regulate transmission of electrical impulses

44
Q

function of ependymal cells

A

move the cerebrospinal fluid

44
Q

what are the myelin producing cells

A

oligodendrocytes

45
Q

what are microglia

A

the macrophages of the central nervous system

45
Q

how can the macrophages of the central nervous system be called

A

microglial cells

45
Q

what colour does van gieson stain collagen

A

red

45
Q

what is the function of bowmans space in the kidneys

A

separate the glomerulus from bowman’s capsule. the site where substances are filtered through the glomerulus from the blood into the nephron

46
Q

what is the septum

A

the walls of the alveolus in the lungs

47
Q

what does the septum of alveoli consist of

A

surface epithelium, supporting basement membrane and capillaries

47
Q

what are polygonal cells

A

cells with multiple sides

47
Q

in what layer of the oesophageal epithelium does cell division occur

A

basal cell layer

48
Q

what else can keratin function in besides from protection

A

water repellent

49
Q

where is keratin found in the oral cavity

A

gingiva and dorsum of the tongue

50
Q

where is keratin absent from in the mouth

A

floor of the mouth and the mucosal surface of the cheeks and lips

51
Q

which epithelium is found on the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

what are the epithelial cells of the epidermis called

A

keratinocytes

53
Q

which layer of skin is rich in collagen fibres

A

the dermis

54
Q

what is oral squamous cell carcinoma

A

dysplastic epithelial cells that proliferate in an uncontrolled manner and destroy and invade adjacent tissues

55
Q

what are rete pegs

A

downward projections of the epidermis that project into the dermis

56
Q

what are the functions of adipocytes

A

cushioning
insulation
energy storage
bulk

57
Q

what is the outer fibrous connective tissue that surrounds hyaline cartilage

A

perichondrium

58
Q

which form of collagen is similar to elastin

A

hyaline

59
Q

what form of cartilage is formed from dense bundles of collagen fibres

A

fibrocartilage

60
Q

what confers compression strength to cartilage

A

chondroitin sulphate

61
Q

what are osteoids

A

these are the organic component of bone matrix

62
Q

what is the mineralised component of the bone matrix

A

hydroxyapatite

63
Q

what are lamellae

A

the layers of bone

64
Q

what is the periosteum

A

the outer connective tissue surruonding the bones

65
Q

which cells are able to divide in bone

A

osteogenic

66
Q

what is the functional unit of compact bone

A

osteon

67
Q

what is another name for volkmann’s canal

A

perforating canal

68
Q

that are the trabecullae lined by

A

endosteum

69
Q

how can the balance between bone resorption and bone formation be described as

A

coupled

70
Q

what element of bone is affected by rickets

A

hydroxyapatite

71
Q

what is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

protection
excretion
secretion

72
Q

location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

mammary salivary and sweat glands

73
Q

function of stratified columnar epithelium

A

protection and secretion

74
Q

location of stratified columnar epithelium

A

lobar ducts of salivary glands
mucosal membrane of the anus
oesophageal glands

Revision (48 decks)

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