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Mass Comm > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Argument #1 Media content has limited impact on audiences because people know it isnt real

A
  1. New is not make believe
  2. Most films are made to seem real
  3. Some are expressively real (reality TV)
  4. Advertising is supposed to tell the truth
  5. Early window (media gives a window to the world to children before they can judge it
  6. We enjoy shows by willingly suspending disbelief
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2
Q

Argument #2 Media content has limited impact on audiences because it is only play or entertainment

A
  1. New is not play or entertainment
  2. Play is important to the way we develop our knowledge
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3
Q

Argument #3 Media holds a mirror to society and reflects our world as it is

A
  1. Media is a very selective mirror. Some are over or under represented or not even visible.
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4
Q

Argument #4 Media reinforces preexisting values and beliefs

A
  1. Traditional socializing agents have lost most influence
  2. Reinforcement is not the same as having no effects
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5
Q

Argument #5 Media may affect unimportant things in our lives (fashion or fads)

A
  1. Fads and fashion are not unimportant
  2. Billions of money is spent on media efforts to sway social issue opinions
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6
Q

Micro-Level Effects vs
Macro-Level Effects

A

Micro: Asking you to do something very specific, effects of media on individuals

vs

Macro: media’s widescale social and cultural impact

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7
Q

Transmissional Perspective vs Ritual Perspective

A

Transmissional: Sees media as the sender of information for the purpose of control

vs

Ritual: Sees mass communication as the representation of shared beliefs

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8
Q

Cultivation analysis

A

Peoples ideas of themselves and their world are shaped through media

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9
Q

Attitude change theory

A

how people shape and change attitudes which influence behavior

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10
Q

Mass Society theory

A

media are corrupting social order and “average” people are defenseless against their influence

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11
Q

Hypodermic needle/magic bullet theory

A

people need to be told what to think

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12
Q

Limited effects theory

A

effects of media are filtered through other influences (Example War of the Worlds)

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13
Q

Two step flow theory

A

Peoples voting behavior was influenced by opinion leaders (people who interpret media and pass it on to opinion followers)

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14
Q

Dissonance Theory

A

people, when confronted by new information, experience a kind of mental discomfort. Selective exposure, selective retention, and selective perception

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15
Q

Reinforcement theory

A

media reinforces previous beliefs; many people seek information that reinforces their position

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16
Q

Uses and gratification theory

A

Looks at how people use the media (entertainment and information)

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17
Q

Agenda setting

A

media dont tell you WHAT to think but what to think ABOUT

18
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

The idea that people learn through observation. Modeling, imitation, and identification

19
Q

Critical-cultural theory

A

Media operates primarily to justify and support the status quo at the expense of ordinary people

20
Q

Neo-Marxist theory

A

people are oppressed by those who control the culture

21
Q

Frankfurt School

A

that valued serious art, viewing its consumption as a means to elevate all people toward a better life

22
Q

British Cultural Theory

A

elites’ domination over culture and its influence on bounded cultures

23
Q

News production research

A

the study of how economic and other influences on the way news is produced distort and bias news coverage toward those in power

24
Q

Mediatization Theory

A

societal structures and their routine social practices are continually altered to accommodate media

25
Q

Social Construction of reality theory

A

cultures construct and maintain their realities using signs and symbols

26
Q

Meaning-making perspective

A

active audience members use media content to create meaning, and meaningful experiences

27
Q

Mass communication theory is particularly open to evolving for what three reasons?

A
  1. Advances in technology
  2. Calls for control or regulation
  3. Democracy and cultural pluralism
28
Q

Observational learning

A

Observers can learn new behaviors simply by seeing those behaviors performed

29
Q

Inhibitory effects

A

Seeing a model, a movie character, for example, punished for a behavior reduces the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

30
Q

Disinhibitory effects

A

Seeing a model rewarded for prohibited or threatening behavior increases the likelihood that the observer will perform that behavior

31
Q

What are the four common news production conventions used by US media that bolster the position of those in power?

A

Personalized, dramatized, fragmented, and normalized news.

32
Q

Imitation

A

the direct replication of an observed behavior

33
Q

Identification

A

a special form of imitation by which observers do not exactly copy what they have seen but make a more generalized but related response

34
Q

Modeling

A

learning through imitation and identification

35
Q

The Stimulation Model

A

a direct causal relationship between violent content and aggressive behavior

36
Q

The Aggressive Model

A

the idea that media portrayals can suggest that certain classes of people are acceptable targets for real-world aggression

37
Q

Catharsis

A

the theory that watching mediated violence reduces people’s inclination to behave aggressively

38
Q

What are two characteristics of critical cultural studies?

A
  1. They tend to be macroscopic in scope.
  2. They are openly political.
39
Q

What are two assumptions of cultivation analysis?

A
  1. Television is the “central cultural arm” of US society.
  2. Television is essentially and fundamentally different from other mass media.
40
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

people give meaning to symbols, and then those symbols control people’s behavior in their presence

41
Q

What are the four eras of mass communication theory?

A
  1. Mass society theory era
  2. Cultural theory era
  3. Limited effects perspective era
  4. Meaning-making perspective era

Mass Comm (21 decks)

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