Urogenital apparatus (urinary + female repro) Fall 2023.pdf Flashcards
Kidneys (2) - GO THROUGH SLIDES (too many pics)
* Location:
– Lumbar region
– Attached to the ceiling of the ? cavity
– ? (serous membrane) covers the ventral aspect
– Surrounded by ?
- Role:
– Filter ?
– ? function (?, erythropoietin)
Kidneys (2)
* Location:
– Lumbar region
– Attached to the ceiling of the abdominal cavity
– peritoneum (serous membrane) covers the ventral aspect
– Surrounded by fat
- Role:
– Filter plasma
– endocrine function (renin, erythropoietin)
Kidneys
- External features:
– ? shaped
– ? (yellow arrow) is medially oriented
Kidneys
- External features:
– bean shaped
– Hillus (yellow arrow) is medially oriented (where entry and exit occurs)
Note: a hilus is an indented area on the surface of an internal organ where vessels and functional ducts enter/exit that organ.
KIDNEYS
structure:
- cortex
- medulla
-> renal ?
-> renal ?
- renal sinus (the fold)
- renal ? (collects ? from the renal crest
KIDNEYS
structure:
- cortex
- medulla
-> renal pyramid
-> renal crest
- renal sinus (the fold)
- renal pelvis (collects urine from the renal crest
Ureters
- ? urine
- Emerge from the ? of kidney
- Run caudally to the dorsal aspect of the urinary ?
- ? (not explicit or done in a direct way) passage through its wall
- Are compressed if ? pressure rises
Ureters
- drain urine
- Emerge from the hilus of kidney
- Run caudally to the dorsal aspect of the urinary bladder
- Oblique (not explicit or done in a direct way) passage through its wall
- Are compressed if intravesical pressure rises
Urinary Bladder (3)
- Deposits ? between micturitions
- Position varies based on its ?: floor of abdomen or floor of pelvic inlet
- External Features:
– ?
– ?
– Neck - No visible ?, but urethral muscle keeps the urethra constricted
dorsal view as both ureters fully seen and in ventral view can’t see ureters fully
Urinary Bladder (3)
- Deposits urine between micturitions (urinating)
- Position varies based on its plenitude: floor of abdomen or floor of pelvic inlet
- External Features:
– Apex
– Body
– Neck - No visible sphincter, but urethral muscle keeps the urethra constricted
Urethra
Female:
- short ? only
- runs caudally in pelvic cavity to open at junction of ? and ?
Male:
- ?, 2 segments:
-> pelvic - receives ? deferens
-> penile - inside the ?
Urethra
Female:
- short pelvic only
- runs caudally in pelvic cavity to open at junction of vagina and vestibule
Male:
- long, 2 segments:
-> pelvic - receives ducti deferens
-> penile - inside the penis
Urogenital apparatus
- Female reproductive viscera -
Overview
* Ovaries (4) = female gonads
* Uterine tube (5)
* Uterus (6) with cervix (7)
* Vagina (8)
* Vestibule (10)
* Vulva (12)
Ovaries (6) * Topography:
– ? part of the abdomen, lumbar region
– Close to the tips of the ? of the uterus
– Attached to abdominal wall and ? via ligaments, enclosed in an ovarian bursa.
- Role:
– Female ?
– ? function
(estrogen, progesterone,
testosterone, etc.)
Urogenital apparatus
- Female reproductive viscera -
Overview
* Ovaries (4) = female gonads
* Uterine tube (5)
* Uterus (6) with cervix (7)
* Vagina (8)
* Vestibule (10)
* Vulva (12)
Ovaries (6) * Topography:
– dorsal part of the abdomen, lumbar region
– Close to the tips of the horns of the uterus
– Attached to abdominal wall and uterus via ligaments, enclosed in an ovarian bursa.
- Role:
– Female gametogenesis
– endocrine function
(estrogen, progesterone,
testosterone, etc.)
Ovary - structure
- ? in shape, composed of two layers (see bolded below)
- Contains a reserve of ?
Uterine tube (Salpinx, Fallopian tube)
- Role: catches the ?, after ?; site of ? (ampulla); delivers fertilized ova in the uterine horn
- infundibulum - funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube; covers the ? to capture the oocyte, after the rupture of a mature follicle
Ovary - structure
- ovoid in shape, composed of two layers (see bolded below)
- Contains a reserve of follicles
Uterine tube (Salpinx, Fallopian tube)
- Role: catches the oocyte, after ovulation; site of fertilization (ampulla); delivers fertilized ova in the uterine horn
- infundibulum - funnel-shaped part of the uterine tube; covers the ovary to capture the oocyte, after the rupture of a mature follicle
Uterus
- Role: Site of ?, ensures physiological
? between the fetus and the mother - Structure: ? (mucosa), ? (muscle), perimetrium -> broad ligaments.
- “ which letter? ” shaped
- In abdomen:
– Uterine horns (long) (1, 1’)
– Uterine body (short) (2) - Location in abdomen depends on number of ?
- In pelvic cavity: – Cervix
Uterus
- Role: Site of gestation, ensures physiological
exchanges between the fetus and the mother - Structure: endometrium (mucosa), myometrium (muscle), perimetrium -> broad ligaments.
- “ Y ” shaped
- In abdomen:
– Uterine horns (long) (1, 1’)
– Uterine body (short) (2) - Location in abdomen depends on number of gestations
- In pelvic cavity: – Cervix
Cervix
- Controls access to and from the ?.
- Partially projects into the vaginal ?.
external uterine orifice: 2 orifices (one faces the cranially - towards BODY so thats the INTERNAL one and there’s also external one that faces away from body - caudally) - see pic
Cervix
- Controls access to and from the vagina
- Partially projects into the vaginal lumen
Vagina and vestibule
- ? organ & birth canal
- Urethral orifice separates the vagina from the vestibule
- Vestibule
– Combines ? and urinary functions.
Vagina and vestibule
- copulatory organ & birth canal
- Urethral orifice separates the vagina from the vestibule
- Vestibule
– Combines reproductive and urinary functions.
VULVA
- ventral commissure - pointed
-> fossa clitoridis & ? (not to be confused with urethral orifice!) - dorsal commissure - rounded or square?
VULVA
- ventral commissure - pointed
-> fossa clitoridis & clitoris (not to be confused with urethral orifice!) - dorsal commissure - rounded
all species except mares have non-pointy ventral commisura
here rounded dorsal commissure and ventral is pointy
Placenta - a temporary organ for gestation
- The structure of the ? varies depending on the species.
- Bitch: zonary placenta - 3 zones:
– a ? zone (red arrow)
– a ? zone at either end of the transfer zone (black arrows)
– a relatively ? zone (yellow arrows)
Mammary glands
* Are modified sweat glands responsible for ?
* The number of pairs varies with the species; usually ? pairs in bitches.
* Their lymphatic drainage is relevant for ? removal of tumors.
pic: it drains from thoracic to abdominal to inguinal (so caudally)
Placenta - a temporary organ for gestation
- The structure of the placenta varies depending on the species.
- Bitch: zonary placenta - 3 zones:
– a transfer zone (red arrow)
– a pigmented zone at either end of the transfer zone (black arrows)
– a relatively nonvascular zone (yellow arrows)
Mammary glands
* Are modified sweat glands responsible for lactation
* The number of pairs varies with the species; usually 5 pairs in bitches.
* Their lymphatic drainage is relevant for the surgical removal of tumors.
practice question
The urine is drained into the urinary bladder directly by the ____.
* Renal pelvis
* Penile urethra
* Ureters
* Urethral opening * Pelvic urethra
The urine is drained into the urinary bladder directly by the ____.
Ureters
Choose the correct statement regarding the uterus.
* Its myometrium contains maturing follicles.
* It is the site of fertilization.
* It is wrapped in a serous membrane called endometrium.
* It is Y shaped in bitches.
* The uterine tubes are part of it.
- uterus is Y shaped in bitches.
