Repro struc & function Nonpreg Flashcards
Male: Delivery of Semen
Penile ? (tumescence)
* Penis becomes firm, engorged, and enlarged with blood
Function
* Delivery of ?
Types:
1. ?: cattle and cetacean
2. ?” equids and canine
Male: Delivery of Semen
Penile erection (tumescence)
* Penis becomes firm, engorged, and enlarged with blood
Function
* Delivery of semen
Types:
1. fibro-elastic: cattle and cetacean (FCC)
2. musculo-cavernous: equids and canine (MEC)
MALE: DELIVERY OF SEMEN
KEY STRUCTURES: fibro-elastic
- ? m.
- ? m.
- ? penis m.
** all 3 of ‘em assist with ? **
KEY STRUCTURES: musculo-cavernous
- corpus ? (bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis)
- corpus ?
- os ? or baculum (bone)
all 3 above ALSO help with ?
MALE: DELIVERY OF SEMEN
KEY STRUCTURES:
- ischiocavernous m.
- bulbospongiosus m.
- retractor penis m.
** all 3 of ‘em assist with erection **
KEY STRUCTURES: musculo-cavernous
- corpus cavernous (bulbus glandis, pars longa glandis)
- corpus spongiosum
- os ? or baculum (bone)
all 3 above ALSO help with erection
KEY STRUCTURES:
internal ? artery and vein
? vein and artery of penis
? artery and vein of penis
these 3 also assist with ?
KEY STRUCTURES:
internal pudendal artery and vein
deep vein and artery of penis
dorsal artery and vein of penis
these 3 also assist with erection
PENILE ERECTION OR TUMESCENCE:
- innervation of penis is both ? and ? (voluntary innervation of striated muscle)
- parasympathetic system - stimulates ? (also somatic), pelvic nerve
- somatic system - ? and motor neurons responsible for contraction/relaxation of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles
- sympathetic system - inhibits ?, ? nerve and pelvic ?
- innervation of penis is both autonomic and somatic (voluntary innervation of striated muscle)
- parasympathetic system - stimulates erection (also somatic), pelvic nerve
- somatic system - sensory and motor neurons responsible for contraction/relaxation of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles
- sympathetic system - inhibits erection, hypogastric nerve and pelvic plexus
Male: PROSTATE
Prostate – only ? gland in the dog
* ? plasma (prostatic fluid) is non
cellular, ? portion of semen
Function
* ? vehicle for delivery of sperm
* Consists of ?, sugars, and other
biochemical factors to support sperm viability and ?
Clinical
* Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
enlarged ?
Common disease in intact dogs over ?
years – less common in ? or castrates
Male: PROSTATE
Prostate – only accesory gland in the dog
* seminal plasma (prostatic fluid) is non
cellular, liquid portion of semen
Function
* fluid vehicle for delivery of sperm
* Consists of proteins, sugars, and other
biochemical factors to support sperm viability and mobility
Clinical
* Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
enlarged prostate
Common disease in intact dogs over 5
years – less common in neuter or castrates
Male: Delivery of semen
sympathetic control: ? penis
parasymp. contorl: ? penis
- erect penis: parasymp. stimulation results in arterial ? and relaxation of ? muscles of corpus ? & spongiosa
- infusion of blood (expansion) combined w contraction of ? and ? m. results in venous compression preventing blood from leaving penis
- ejaculation: parasympathetic stimulated is discontinued
- flaccid penis: ? stimulation results in arterial ? and contraction of smooth m. of corpus cavernosa and ? forcing blood out of penis
Male: Delivery of semen
sympathetic control: flaccid penis
parasymp. control: erect penis
- erect penis: parasymp. stimulation results in arterial dilation and relaxation of smooth muscles of corpus cavernosa & spongiosa
- infusion of blood (expansion) combined w contraction of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus m. results in venous compression preventing blood from leaving penis
- ejaculation: parasympathetic stimulated is discontinued
- flaccid penis: sympathetic stimulation results in arterial constriction and contraction of smooth m. of corpus cavernosa and spongiosa forcing blood out of penis
Paraphimosis - inability to ? penis back into the sheath
MALE SEMEN
Semen - a combination of seminal plasma
(liquid, non-cellular portion) and spermatozoa (Cellular portion)
seminal plasma which has nutrients is produced by:
- ? of testes
- ?
- ? glands (seminal vesicles)
- ? glands
- ? glands (cowpers glands)
Accessory sex glands (last 4)
SPERM - male gamete
- sperm produced by ?
Function
- ? plasma - assist with support and delivery of sperm
- sperm - fertilize ? (Female gamete or oocyte or egg)
Paraphimosis - inability to retract penis back into the sheath
MALE SEMEN
Semen - a combination of seminal plasma
(liquid, non-cellular portion) and spermatozoa (Cellular portion)
seminal plasma which has nutrients is produced by:
- epididymes of testes
- ampullae
- vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
- prostate glands
- bulbourethral glands (cowpers glands)
Accessory sex glands (last 4)
SPERM - male gamete
- sperm produced by testes
Function
- seminal plasma - assist with support and delivery of sperm
- sperm - fertilize ova (Female gamete or oocyte or egg)
MALE: TESTES & Epididymides
Testes and epididymides - bilateral structures contained with the scrotum
Function
* Testes
Production of ?
Production of ? & ? hormones
- Epididymides
Production of seminal ?
Final maturation & storage of ?
MALE: TESTES & Epididymides
Testes and epididymides - bilateral structures contained within the scrotum
Function
* Testes
Production of sperm
Production of steroid & protein hormones
- Epididymides
Production of seminal plasma
Final maturation & storage of sperm
MALE: TESTIS THERMAL REGULATION
Cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle composed of ? and ? muscle – under cold conditions, cremaster reflex lifts the testis toward the ? for warmth
Dartos muscle – associated with the skin of the scrotum as a smooth muscle – acts in concert with cremaster to contract and wrinkle the scrotum – lifting the testis
Pampiniform plexus – network of veins that surround the testicular artery associated with the spermatic cord that exchanges and carries warm arterial blood away from testes
