Chapter 16: Treatment (7A)

Question 1

What is treatment or therapy?

Answer 1

It is systematic procedures designed to change abnormal behaviour into more normal behaviour

Question 2

What are the three essential features of all therapies?

Answer 2

1. A sufferer who seeks help
2. A trained, socially accepted healer, who’s expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his social group
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer with the goal of changing attunes, emotional states, or behaviours.

Question 3

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 3

A treatment in which a client and therapist use words and acts to over come psychological difficulties

Question 4

What is biological therapy?

Answer 4

The use of physical and chemical procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties

Question 5

Who seeks therapy?

Answer 5

• Women used to outnumber men in therapy by four to one
• Men are more willing to enter therapy than before
• Members of ethnic minority groups tends to seek treatment for their psychological problems less often than members of the majority culture

Question 6

Stigma

Answer 6

• There has been a significant reduction in the stigma associated with metal illness
• Perceptions of stigma play a role in people’s decisions about what’re to acknowledge their mental issues and to seek treatment

Question 7

Where is treatment conducted?

Answer 7

• Public instructions, schools, private offices
  Most people are treated as outpatients
• Inpatients have serious psychological problems
• The Canadien Metal Health Act outlines patient rights and conditions for involuntary admittance to hospitals

Question 8

What are psychotropic drug?

Answer 8

they are drugs that act (primarily) on the brain

Question 9

What are some psychotropic drugs?

Answer 9

• Anti anxiety drugs
• Antidepressenants
• Mood-stabilizers
• Antipsychotics

Question 10

What is ketamine?

Answer 10

An anaesthetic drug that that is now being touted by some as the drug of choice for high risk patients suffering from treatment-resistant mood disorders such as bipolar or major depressive disorder

Question 11

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 11

It is the use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning
1. Reduces depression in 70% of patients
2. Causes short-term memory problems

Question 12

What is vagus nerve stimulation?

Answer 12

An implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the left vagus nerve. That nerve then delivers electrical signals to the brain helping reduce depression in many people.

Question 13

What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation?

Answer 13

It is a procedure used to treat depression. The electromagnetic coil is places on the patient’s head and sends current to the prefrontal cortex

Question 14

What is Trephining?

Answer 14

Some historians believe that trephination was done to relapse evil spirits that were thoughts to be responsible for mental dysfunction

Question 15

What is a lobotomy?

Answer 15

A surgical practice of cutting the connection between the frontal love and the lower centres of the brain

Question 16

What is deep brain stimulation?

Answer 16

Implanted electrodes that deliver low does f electricity, used o treat depression Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.

Question 17

What are the strengths of biological approaches?

Answer 17

• Biological treatments often bring relief when other treatments have failed
• Research offers promising options

Question 18

What are some criticisms to the Biological approaches?

Answer 18

• Undesirable side effects
• Does not consider interaction between biological and non-biological factors such as environments and experience

Question 19

What doe psychodynamic therapies do?

Answer 19

They focus on past emotional trauma

Question 20

What are some types of psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 20

Psychoanalysis
Short term psychodynamic therapy
Relational psychoanalytic therapy

Question 21

What is free association?

Answer 21

Discussion initiated by client with therapists probing to uncover relevant unconscious events

Question 22

What is resistance?

Answer 22

It is when client encounters a block in free associations or changes the subject to avoid pain

Question 23

What is Transference?

Answer 23

When the client shifts actions and feelings for figures from childhood to therapist

Question 24

What is Catharsis?

Answer 24

reliving of passed repressed feelings to resolve conflicts and overcome problems

Question 25

What is working through?

Answer 25

Repeatedly examining an issue to improve clarity

Question 26

What is short term psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 26

Clients focus on a single problem such as excessive dependence on other people. The therapist and client Center their discussions on this problems and work only on issues that relate to it.

Question 27

What is psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 27

Therapists are key figures in the lives of clines, figures whose reactions and beliefs should be directly included in the therapy process. Therapists should also disclose things a bout themselves particularly their own reactions to patients. Therapists should try to establish more equal relationships with clients as opposed to the distant analytic relationships typical of standard psychoanalysis

Question 28

What are some strengths of psychodynamic approaches?

Answer 28

• First practitioner to demonstrate the value of systematically applying both theory and techniques to treatment
• First to suggest the potential of psychological instead of biological treatment
• their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments

Question 29

What are some criticisms of psychodynamic approaches?

Answer 29

The effectiveness is not supported by research

Question 30

Who conducts therapy?

Answer 30

-psychologists
-psychiatrists
-counsellors
-psychiatric social workers