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speecj > chapter 11 - topic selection and development > Flashcards

chapter 11 - topic selection and development Flashcards

1
Q

The ancient philosophers coined the terms ______ and to _____ describe the processes of preparing and delivering effective public speeches.

A

rhetoric oratory

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2
Q

was the primary means by which means to conduct business, debate public issues, make public decisions, and gain and maintain power

A

public speaking

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3
Q

the end and object of the speech

A

audience

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4
Q

IS SIMPLY A
SUSTAINED FORMAL
PRESENTATION BY A SPEAKER TO AN
AUDIENCE.

A

PUBLIC SPEAKING

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5
Q

a state in which you, the audience, and the occasion overlap

A

rhetorical situation

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6
Q

Reason the speech needs to be given

A

exigence

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7
Q

The study of the intended audience
for your speech

A

audience analysis

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8
Q

Process of tailoring the speech to address their unique needs, interests, and expectations.

A

AUDIENCE ADAPTATION

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9
Q

Explains the processes we go through to get to know strangers

A

uncertainty reduction theory

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10
Q

a broad area of nowledge

A

subject

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11
Q

some specific aspect of a subject

A

topic

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12
Q

an uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas

A

brainstorming

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13
Q

a visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas

A

concept mapping

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14
Q

lists of topic you may want to talk about are based on:

A

interest
needs
appropriate subject

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15
Q

Age, educational level, sex, income, occupation etc.

A

demographic data

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16
Q

Level of knowledge, attitude toward the potential topics

A

subject related data

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17
Q

a direct examination of people to gather information about their ideas and opinions

A

survey

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18
Q

data gathering methods (4)

A

survey
observation
question representative
educated guess

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19
Q

You can learn lot through informal observation.

A

observe informally

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20
Q

Ask your contact person for demographic and subject-related audience data related to your topic.

A

question a representative

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21
Q

based on indirect data such as the general makeup of the people who live in a certain community

A

make educated guesses

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22
Q

is the practice ignoring the values, need, and interests of some audience members.

A

marginalizing

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23
Q

is assuming all members of the group have similar knowledge, behaviors, or beliefs simply because they belong to that group.

A

stereotyping

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24
Q

the range of demographic characteristics and subject-specific differences represented in an audience

A

audience diversity

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25
Q

EXAMINE THE OCCASION

A

What is the intended purpose (exigence) of the speech?

What is the expected length?

Where will the speech be given?

When will the speech be given?

What equipment is necessary and available?

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26
Q

WRITE A SPEECH GOAL STATEMENT

A

General and Specific Speech Goals
Phrasing a Specific Goal Statement
Revise the statement until it clearly articulates the desired audience response

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27
Q

the overall intent of the speech

A

general goal

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28
Q

a single statement that identifies the desired response a speaker wants from the audience

A

specific speech goal

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29
Q

the process of locating information about your topic discovered by other people

A

secondary research

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30
Q

the process of collecting data about your topic directly the real world

A

primary research

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31
Q

your experiences or education that qualifies you to speak with authority on a subject

A

credentials

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32
Q

web sites that provide personal viewpoints of their author

A

blogs

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33
Q

Internet
Blog
Social
Net
Skim
Evaluate

A

secondary research

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34
Q

Field work
Surveys
Interviews
Original
Artifacts
Experiments

A

primary research

35
Q

web sites where communities of people interact with one another

A

online social networks

36
Q

magazines and journals that appear at regular intervals

A

periodicals

37
Q

rapidly viewing a work to determine what is covered and how

A

skimming

38
Q

a short paragraph summarizing the research findings

A

abstract

39
Q

report factual information that can be counted on to be true

A

valid sources

40
Q

present unbiased information that includes a balanced discussion of controversial ideas

A

accurate sources

41
Q

sources with a history of presenting accurate information

A

reliable sources

42
Q

an attitude, perspective, or viewpoint on a topic

A

stance3

43
Q

a research method focused on careful observations of people or groups of people while immersed in their community.

A

fieldwork observations

44
Q

Statistics
Examples

A

factual statements

45
Q

expert

A

expert opinion

46
Q

Anecdotes
Comparatives
Quotations

A

elaboration

47
Q

includes a variety of cultural perspectives

A

diverse cultural perspectives

48
Q

MLA
APA

A

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

49
Q

3X5 or 4X6 index cards key word and main idea and bibiliographic info

A

research cards

50
Q

references to an original source made at the point in the speech where information from that source is presented

A

oral footnotes

51
Q

A well-organized speech has the following parts:

A

introduction
body
conclusion

52
Q

Identifying and arranging the main points.

A

Developing the body

53
Q

Developing each main point with appropriate supporting material (evidence and reasoning}.

A

Developing the body

54
Q

Creating transitions to move smoothly from one main point to the next.

A

Developing the body

55
Q

Crafting them into a well-phrased thesis statement.

A

Developing the body

56
Q

Identify two to four main points. ideas that will help you achieve your speech goal.

Develop each main idea with supporting material.

A

identify main points

57
Q

List the ideas you believe relate to your specific goal.

Eliminate ideas that you believe this audience already understands.

Eliminate any ideas that might be too complicated or too broad for this audience to comprehend in the time allotted.

Check to see if some of the ideas can be grouped together under a broader theme.

From the ideas that remain, choose two to four that will help you accomplish your specific speech goal.

A

identify main ideas

58
Q

Preparation outline is a draft of main points not formed into complete sentences.

Parallel structure means the main points all follow the same structural pattern. It is not a requirement, but it can help the audience recognize main points when you deliver your speech. (e.g., (First, second, third, finally)

A

word main points

59
Q

Different organizational patterns

A

time order
narrative order
topical order
logical reasons order

60
Q

arranges main points in sequence or by steps in a process. When you explain how to do something, how to make something, how something works, or how something happened.

A

Time (sequential or chronological) order -

61
Q

conveys ideas through a story or series of stories. which suggests that one important way people communicate is through storytelling.

A

Narrative order -

62
Q

arranges the main point using some logical relationships among them. Main points might progress from general to specific, least to most important, most to least familiar, and so forth.

A

Topical order -

63
Q

structures the main points according to reasons for accepting the thesis as desirable or true. is usually used when your goal is to persuade.

A

Logical reasons order -

64
Q

is a one- or two-sentence summary that incorporates your general and specific goals and previews the main points of your speech

A

Thesis statement

65
Q

is a written framework of the sequential and hierarchical relationships among ideas in the speech

A

An outline

66
Q

3 levels of hierarchy in speech

A

main point
subpoint
sub-subpoint

67
Q

is a statement that elaborates on a main point.

A

Subpoint

68
Q

is a developmental material gathered through secondary and primary research.

A

Supporting material

69
Q

is a piece of information that informs listeners why the topic or main point is relevant to them.

A

Listener relevance link

70
Q

Develop each main point with subpoints and supporting material.

Identify subpoints by sorting through the research you compiled in your annotated bibliography and/or on research cards to find evidence.

One subpoint in each main point should be a listener relevance link.

A

develop main points

71
Q

are words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between and bridge ideas.

A

Transitions

72
Q

is a complete sentence that shows the relationship between and bridges major parts of the speech. They help the audience follow the organization of ideas in the speech. They also help audience members remember information.

A

Section transition

73
Q

are words or short phrases that connect pieces of supporting material to the main point or subpoint they address.

A

Signposts

74
Q

primary goals are to get attention, convey listener relevance, establish speaker credibility, and identify the thesis statement

A

introduction

75
Q

An audience’s physical presence does not guarantee people will actually listen to your speech.

A

get attention

76
Q

include startling statements, questions, stories, jokes, personal references, quotations, action, and suspense

A

Rhetorical strategies

77
Q

By offering a clear listener relevance link in the introduction, a statement of how and why your speech relates to or might affect your audience.

A

establish relevane

78
Q

Your goal is to highlight that you are a credible speaker on this topic, one who respects the audience and occasion, not that you are the or even a final authority on the subject.

A

establish crediblity

79
Q

Because audiences want to know what the speech is going to be about.

A

state the thesis

80
Q

or a piece of wordplay is designed to make people laugh.

A

Anecdote

81
Q

is a brief account of something that happened to you or a hypothetical situation that listeners can imagine themselves in.

A

Personal reference

82
Q

A draft of main points not formed into complete sentences

A

Preparation Outline

83
Q

The main points all follow the same structural patterns

A

Parallel structure

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