chapter 14 - language and oral styles

Question 1

still more formal than everyday talk

Answer 1

oral style

Question 2

features descriptive words and phrases that appeal to the ear in ways that sustain listener interest and promote retention

Answer 2

oral style

Question 3

means using language that adapts to the needs, interests, knowledge, and attitudes of listeners and avoiding language that might alienate anyone

Answer 3

speaking appropriately

Question 4

is used to describe language used to reduce the psychological distance between you and your audience

Answer 4

verbal immediacy

Question 5

how the information can be used now

Answer 5

timeliness

Question 6

information audience memebers can use now

Answer 6

timely

Question 7

informaiton in relation to listener’s personal space

Answer 7

proximity

Question 8

timeliness
proximity
personal impact

Answer 8

relevance

Question 9

the confidence an audience places in truthfulness of what a speaker says

Answer 9

credibility

Question 10

generic
non-parallel
offensive humor
profanity and vulgarity

Answer 10

linguistic sensitivity

Question 11

background
knowledge
attitudes
experiences
philosophies

Answer 11

common ground

Question 12

first language
second language

Answer 12

cultural diversity

Question 13

Highlight relevance of speech in time and proximity

Find a common ground by using plural personal pronouns, rhetorical questions, and common experience

Avoid generic language (ex. he for all), nonparallel language (ex. black doctor, wife of)

Avoid dirty, -ist jokes and even casual swearing.

Answer 13

wording

Question 14

just use plurals and genderless pronouns.

Answer 14

To avoid generic language,

Question 15

can be in form of marking (adding sex, race, age etc. to descriptions) or irrelevant association (ex. husband wife relationship emphasized which irrelevant to the point)

Answer 15

Nonparallel language

Question 16

is profanity injected into regular conversation. Even though it becomes common in some communities, still avoid it when speaking in public.

Answer 16

Casual swearing

Question 17

means using words that convey your meaning precisely.

Answer 17

Speaking clearly

Question 18

The word is not the thing.

Answer 18

clarity

Question 19

Avoid jargon, slang, abbreviations, and acronyms unless you have defined them clearly from the start or is central to your speech goal

Answer 19

clarity

Question 20

It’s not enough to have the right wording and clarity. You must speak vividly to maintain interest and make them remember.

Answer 20

vividness

Question 21

is one effective way to maintain your audience’s interest and help them
remember what you say.

Answer 21

Speaking vividly

Question 22

is full of life—vigorous, bright, and intense.

Answer 22

Vivid language

Question 23

is a direct comparison of dissimilar things using the word like or as.

Answer 23

Simile

Question 24

is an implied comparison between two unlike things, expressed with-out using like or as

Answer 24

Metaphor

Question 25

is an extended metaphor.

Answer 25

Analogy

Question 26

is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are near one another.

Answer 26

Alliteration

Question 27

is combining contrasting ideas in the same sentence.

Answer 27

Antithesis

Question 28

is the repetition of vowel sounds in a phrase or phrases.

Answer 28

Assonance

Question 29

is the use of words that sound like the things they stand for, such as “buzz,” “hiss,” “crack,” and “plop.

Answer 29

Onomatopoeia

Question 30

attributes human qualities to a concept or an inanimate object.

Answer 30

personification

Question 31

is restating words, phrases, or sentences for emphasis

Answer 31

repetition

Question 32

effective speech lies not on what was said but on how one said it
tf

Answer 32

true