module 3 Flashcards
1
Q
attribution theory
A
- group of theories that describe how people explain the cause of theory
2
Q
two types of attributions
A
- personal (dispositional, internal)
- situational (external, not the person’s fault)
3
Q
Jones and davis attribution theory
A
- correspondent inference theory
- stet of factors that ppl use to see if a behaviour is internally or externally motivated
- whether behaviour: was freely chosen, was expected/common, or has desirable outcomes for the actor
4
Q
kellys attribution theory
A
- kelly’s covariation model
- cause must be present when an event occurs and absent when it does not occur
5
Q
what are the three types of info used in kelly’s covariation model
A
- consensus
- consistency
- distinctiveness
6
Q
when are you more likely to engage in using effort to make an attribution
A
- if events are: unexpected, unpleasant, novel, or self-relevant
7
Q
fundamental attribution error
A
- when making attributions abt other ppl’s behaviours, we overestimate dispositional causes and underestimate situational causes
- you are more likely to think behaviour is caused by internal factors not situational
- beahviour=product of the person
8
Q
two stage model of attribution
A
- proposed by gilbert et al
- Step 1: we make internal attributions (often stops here)
- Step 2: if we have motivation/cog resources, we can consider situational info and revise attributions accordingly
9
Q
errors in judgement examples
A
- actor-observer effect (we are more likely to attribute other’s behaviours to internal causes and our behaviours to situational attributions)
- victim blaming, prejudice beliefs abt groups
- relationship-enhancing vs distress maintaining attributions in romantic relationships
10
Q
relationship enhancing attributions
A
- if the partner does smth positive=internal attributions
- partner does smth negative=external attribution
- opposite is true for relationship distressing attributions
11
Q
Carol Dwek attribution theory
A
- what type of attributions made about oneself
- two types: ability (good at smth) vs effort (worked hard to get there) attributions
12
Q
what do ability vs effort attributions tell you about a person
A
- if ppl think abilities are fixed or incremental
13
Q
the two types of abilities
A
- fixed: you are either good at smth or youre not
- incremental: you improve through effort and learning
14
Q
What did Dwek find about praise for ability vs effort
A
- kids praised for effort showed more persistence, enjoyment and better performance than those praised for ability
15
Q
what should you praise children for: ability or effort?
A
research says effort even though most parents praise their children for ability