module 4

Question 1

how do eagly and chaiken define attitude

Answer 1

a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour

Question 2

our attitudes are stored in _____

Answer 2

memory

Question 3

knowledge function

Answer 3

• attitudes help us manage and simplify info processing

Question 4

Utilitarian function

Answer 4

• attitudes guide behaviour toward valued goals and away from bad events
• negative attitudes will make you avoid the thing, opposite for positives

Question 5

value expressive function

Answer 5

• attitudes serve to help express values and show to others
• ex clothes

Question 6

social adjustment function

Answer 6

• attitudes help fit in with social groups
• consistent attitudes are rewarded, discrepant ones are isolated

Question 7

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 7

• when you think you have a good read on a group’s attitude but it is not accurate

Question 8

ego-defensive function

Answer 8

• attitudes protect self esteem or justify actions that make us guilty
• change attitudes to feel better

Question 9

terror management theory

Answer 9

• after thinking about death, ppl hold negative views toward outgroups

Question 10

tripartite theory

Answer 10

• 3 main components to an attitude
  A=affect (emotional reaction)
  B=behaviour (approach/avoid affect)
  C=cognition (stored knowledge/memories abt object, facts)

Question 11

when do attitudes predict behaviour

Answer 11

• specificity matching (action, target, context, and time)

Question 12

t or f: more specificity often equates to the lowest level of correspondence between attitude and behaviour

Answer 12

false, highest level

Question 13

theory of reasoned action

Answer 13

• explains attitude behaviour relationship
• states attitudes do not directly influence behaviour
• intent is a more accurate predictors of behaviour
• attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms predict behaviour and intentions

Question 14

introspection

Answer 14

• examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
• hard to articulate why

Question 15

t or f: cognitively based attitudes are less likely than affectively based attitudes to be interrupted by introspecting

Answer 15

• true
• its easier to come up w reasoning for cog attitudes

Question 16

attitude strength predictors

Answer 16

• persistent
• resistence
• impact on info processing and judgement
• impact behaviour

Question 17

Determinate of strong attitudes

Answer 17

• accessibility
• knowledge
• extremity
• ambivalence

Question 18

attitude accessibility

Answer 18

• is it is easily accessible, it can easily influence behaviour
• effected by frequency

Question 19

attitude knowledge

Answer 19

• number of attitude relevant thoughts and experiences that come to mind when thinking abt objects
• can be high or low in complexity

Question 20

attitude extremity

Answer 20

• magnitude of the evaluation, deviation from midpoint of scale
• how far left or right from the middle/average
• stable, resist persuasion, predict behaviours
• one bipolar scale

Question 21

attitude ambivalence

Answer 21

• conflicting attitudes
• two unipolar scales
• ex not neg to very neg, not pos to very pos

Question 22

cognitive dissonance

Answer 22

• unpleasant state of tension when cognitions conflict with one another/when attitudes conflict with behaviour

Question 23

decision justification

Answer 23

• you can reduce cog dissonance by finding justifications to your decisions

Question 24

how to reduce dissonance

Answer 24

• change cognition
• change behaviour
• add other cognitive elements (bolstering)
• reduce importance of elements (trivialization)
• reduce perceived choice
• self-affirmation

Question 25

effort justification

Answer 25

• justifying time, effort, or money devoted to smth that ended up unpleasant or disappointing

Question 26

t or f: we should like activities more when we are being paid for them

Answer 26

false

Question 27

conditions for dissonance arousal

Answer 27

• aversive consequence (negative/punishment)
• personal responsibility (free choice, foreseeability)
  -feel arousal, label it as negative
• attribute arousal to inconsistency