module 11

Question 1

prejudice

Answer 1

• negative attitude and affective response toward a group and individual members

Question 2

automatic activation of stereotypes

Answer 2

• Devine in 1989
• assessed 3 questions to distinguish between high and low prejudiced ppl
• are there differences in stereotype familiarity?, are there differences in stereotype activation?, are there differences in response to stereotype activation?

Question 3

modern vs old fashioned racism

Answer 3

• old fashioned: not socially accepted, no laws to prevent it
• modern: 3 main tenets, doesnt think that racism is a problem anymore (denial that there is cont. discrimination, resentment abt demands that disadvantaged groups make for equal treatment, and resentment abt concessions made to disadvantaged groups)

Question 4

Adverse racism

Answer 4

• subtle form of prejudice
• rejecting explicitly racist beliefs, yet experiencing an enduring prejudice against racial groups
• will say they have egalitarian views
• when racism is non-over they may discriminate

Question 5

behavioural consequences

Answer 5

• avoidance of outgroup members, subtle discrimination

Question 6

IAT

Answer 6

• implicit association test
• measured outside of awareness

Question 7

how do you measure attitudes or stereotypes

Answer 7

• self-report (not accurate)
• Implicit association test (IAT)
• priming
• creating groups in the lab (minimal group paradigm)

Question 8

minimal group paradigm

Answer 8

• seemingly meaningless group differences matter
• in group favouritism

Question 9

causes of stereotypes

Answer 9

• economic perspectives
• motivational perspectives
• cognitives perspectives

Question 10

economic perspectives on stereotypes

Answer 10

• realistic conflict theory
• competition for limited resources
• resources can be economic, political or social
• may not be real competition
• relative deprivation theory (ppl believe they have less than they deserve)

Question 11

motivational perspectives on stereotypes

Answer 11

• social identity theory (ppl favour ingroups over outgroups to enhance their own self-esteem)
• derogating outgroups to bolster self-esteem
• frustration/aggression theory

Question 12

cognitives perspectives on stereotyping

Answer 12

• cognitive misers (conserving mental resources)
• construal processes and biased assessments (illusory correlations, outgroup homogeneity effect ‘they are all alike’, and accentuation of ingroup similarity and outgroup differences)

Question 13

illusory correlations

Answer 13

• seeing relationships between two variables that aren’t really there
• distinctive events capture attention (becomes over-represented in memory)
  -negative and minority events are distinctive

Question 14

what happens if people encounter ppl who contradict stereotypes

Answer 14

• subtype (see the person as a special case)
• revise/get rid of stereotype
• the more a person deviates from the stereotype, the less likely it is the change the stereotype