module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do eagly and chaiken define attitude

A

a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour

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2
Q

our attitudes are stored in _____

A

memory

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3
Q

knowledge function

A
  • attitudes help us manage and simplify info processing
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4
Q

Utilitarian function

A
  • attitudes guide behaviour toward valued goals and away from bad events
  • negative attitudes will make you avoid the thing, opposite for positives
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5
Q

value expressive function

A
  • attitudes serve to help express values and show to others
  • ex clothes
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6
Q

social adjustment function

A
  • attitudes help fit in with social groups
  • consistent attitudes are rewarded, discrepant ones are isolated
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7
Q

pluralistic ignorance

A
  • when you think you have a good read on a group’s attitude but it is not accurate
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8
Q

ego-defensive function

A
  • attitudes protect self esteem or justify actions that make us guilty
  • change attitudes to feel better
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9
Q

terror management theory

A
  • after thinking about death, ppl hold negative views toward outgroups
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10
Q

tripartite theory

A
  • 3 main components to an attitude
    A=affect (emotional reaction)
    B=behaviour (approach/avoid affect)
    C=cognition (stored knowledge/memories abt object, facts)
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11
Q

when do attitudes predict behaviour

A
  • specificity matching (action, target, context, and time)
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12
Q

t or f: more specificity often equates to the lowest level of correspondence between attitude and behaviour

A

false, highest level

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13
Q

theory of reasoned action

A
  • explains attitude behaviour relationship
  • states attitudes do not directly influence behaviour
  • intent is a more accurate predictors of behaviour
  • attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms predict behaviour and intentions
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14
Q

introspection

A
  • examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
  • hard to articulate why
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15
Q

t or f: cognitively based attitudes are less likely than affectively based attitudes to be interrupted by introspecting

A
  • true
  • its easier to come up w reasoning for cog attitudes
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16
Q

attitude strength predictors

A
  • persistent
  • resistence
  • impact on info processing and judgement
  • impact behaviour
17
Q

Determinate of strong attitudes

A
  • accessibility
  • knowledge
  • extremity
  • ambivalence
18
Q

attitude accessibility

A
  • is it is easily accessible, it can easily influence behaviour
  • effected by frequency
19
Q

attitude knowledge

A
  • number of attitude relevant thoughts and experiences that come to mind when thinking abt objects
  • can be high or low in complexity
20
Q

attitude extremity

A
  • magnitude of the evaluation, deviation from midpoint of scale
  • how far left or right from the middle/average
  • stable, resist persuasion, predict behaviours
  • one bipolar scale
21
Q

attitude ambivalence

A
  • conflicting attitudes
  • two unipolar scales
  • ex not neg to very neg, not pos to very pos
22
Q

cognitive dissonance

A
  • unpleasant state of tension when cognitions conflict with one another/when attitudes conflict with behaviour
23
Q

decision justification

A
  • you can reduce cog dissonance by finding justifications to your decisions
24
Q

how to reduce dissonance

A
  • change cognition
  • change behaviour
  • add other cognitive elements (bolstering)
  • reduce importance of elements (trivialization)
  • reduce perceived choice
  • self-affirmation
25
Q

effort justification

A
  • justifying time, effort, or money devoted to smth that ended up unpleasant or disappointing
26
Q

t or f: we should like activities more when we are being paid for them

A

false

27
Q

conditions for dissonance arousal

A
  • aversive consequence (negative/punishment)
  • personal responsibility (free choice, foreseeability)
    -feel arousal, label it as negative
  • attribute arousal to inconsistency