module 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

examples of effects groups have on performance

A
  • social loafing
  • social facilitation
  • deindividualization
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2
Q

social facilitation (Norman Triplett)

A
  • behaviour changing due to the presence of others
    performance is enhanced by presence of a group
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3
Q

social facilitation (Zajonc)

A
  • presence of others increases arousal and the dominant response tendencies
  • if tasks are easy/ppl are good at=presence of a group makes it better
  • if task is hard/novel=presence of a group makes it worse
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4
Q

what influences social facilitation

A
  • mere presence of others
  • evaluation apprehension
  • distraction
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5
Q

social loafing

A
  • when ppl work together, there is an inverse relationship and the amount of work ppl do individually
  • ppl work less hard if there are more ppl in a group
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6
Q

why does social loafing occur

A
  • diffusion of responsibility
  • reduced evaluation apprehension (it doesn’t apply to you but to the group)
  • norms change (dont want to be the one who does the most work for the group)
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7
Q

t or f: women are more likely to fall susceptible to social loafing

A

false

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8
Q

how to reduce social loafing

A
  • make individual contributions identifiable
  • high group cohesion
  • make task meaningful
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9
Q

deindividuation

A
  • loss of a person’s sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behaviour
  • ppl lose their sense of self and do things they wouldn’t do
  • mob mentality
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10
Q

zimbardo’s model of deindividuation

A
  • conditions: anonymity, diffusion of responsibility, arousal around others, stimulus overload, alcohol
  • psychological state: decreased sense of self, decreased concerns abt evaluation, weaker inhibiting forces
  • behavioural effects: impulsivity, irrationality, emotionality, antisocial activity
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11
Q

group polarization

A
  • process where initial tendencies in the thinking of group members get exaggerated through group discussion
  • ideas get stronger in groups
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12
Q

why does group polarization occur

A
  • persuasive arguments from others
  • social comparison
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13
Q

group think

A
  • group decision making style
  • the excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence
  • groups can make bad decisions if they feel pressured to make a decision
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14
Q

why does group think occur

A
  • high cohesiveness
  • isolation from outsiders
  • lack of procedures for info search/appraisal (no fact checking)
  • directive leadership
  • stressful situation (leader favouring one solution)
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15
Q

Symptoms of groupthink

A
  • illusions of invulnerability
  • collective rationalization
    -direct pressure on dissenters
  • self-censorship
  • illusion of uniformity
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16
Q

outcomes of groupthink

A
  • incomplete consideration of alt
  • failure to consider risks of preferred choice
  • fail to consider other options
  • fail to consider what can go wrong (contingency plans)
17
Q

how can groupthink be avoided

A
  • group leader should not voice opinions outside of discussion or before conversation
  • have some members join the group discussion at a later stage, get outsider’s opinions
  • appoint ppl to play devils advocate