ENDOCRINE

Question 0

The pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid and pineal glands are examples of _______ endocrine glands

Answer 0

True

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

System of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream and regulate bodily functions

Question 2

Other organs that contain endocrine tissue include the p_________, gonads, placenta and h________

Answer 2

Pancrease

hypothalamus

Question 3

Organs that ________ hormones are the adipose cells, thymus and cells in the wall of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys and heart

Answer 3

Secrete

Question 4

The endocrine system influences activities in the body via ________ transported in the blood

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

Exocrine glands are _____-_________ substances

They include sweat, salvia and also pancreatic enzymes

Answer 5

Non-hormonal

Question 6

Endocrine glands produce _________ and lack ducts - it secretes into the blood stream

Answer 6

Hormones

Question 7

_________ travel in blood or lymph (endocrine system)

Answer 7

Hormones

Think: endo-homo

Question 8

__________ are chemicals that exert effects on the same cells that secrete them

Answer 8

Autocrines

Question 9

P__________ are locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them

Answer 9

Paracrines- they are NOT considered part of the endocrine system

Question 10

There are two main classes of hormones:

1. A_______- amino acid based hormones
2. S_________

Answer 10

Amines

Steroids

Question 11

_______ cells are tissues with receptors for a specific hormone

Answer 11

Target

Question 12

Hormones act as receptors in one of two ways; depending on their chemical nature and receptor location.
_______________ hormones cannot enter the cell, act on plasma membrane receptors etc

Answer 12

Water soluble hormones

Question 13

_____ soluble hormones can enter the cell (steroid and thyroid hormones ) and can directly active genes

Answer 13

Lipid

Question 14

The _______ division (fight or flight) mobilizes the body during activity - during excercise or when threatened

Answer 14

sympathetic

Question 15

1. Hormone (1st messenger) binds receptors target cell

What happens next in the relay race?

Answer 15

2. Receptors activates G protein

Question 16

Once the receptors activates the G protein, the G protein activates what (step 3)

Answer 16

Adenylate Cyclase

Question 17

Adenylate Cyclase converts ATP to ______ (2nd messenger)

Answer 17

cAMP

Question 18

Glucose leaves the liver via the ________ vein

Answer 18

Hepatic

Question 19

In the body glucose is mainly stored in the _______ cell - a h___________

Answer 19

Liver

Hepatocyte

Question 20

________ & ________ hormones diffuse target cells and bind with intracellular receptors

Answer 20

Steroid and thyroid

Question 21

Target cell activation depends on

1. Blood level hormones
2. Relative number of _______ on or in target cell
3. Affinity of binding between receptors and hormone

Answer 21

receptors

Question 22

Endocrine gland stimulated to synthesise and release hormones in response to; h_______ stimuli, n_______ stimuli and h_______ stimuli

Answer 22

Humoral
Neural
Hormonal

Question 23

H__________ stimuli is the changing blood levels of ions and nutrients directly stimulate the secretion of hormones

Answer 23

Humoral

Question 24

_______ stimuli = nerve fibres stimulate hormone release

Answer 24

Neural

Question 25

_________ stimuli = other organs stimulate other endocrine organs to release their hormones

Answer 25

Hormonal

Question 26

A ________ hormone is a hormone that causes the release of another hormone

Answer 26

Tropic

Question 27

The ___________ is the link between the nervous and endocrine system

Answer 27

Hypothalamus

Question 28

The _____gland receives input from the hypothalamus

Answer 28

pituitary

Question 29

Hormones are removed from the blood via- degrading _______, kidneys and the ________

Answer 29

Degrading enzymes | Liver

Question 30

The pituitary gland has two major lobes | The _________ pituitary (neural tissue) and the ________ pituitary (glandular tissue)

Answer 30

Posterior | Anterior

Question 31

The __________ carries releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

________ pituitary hormones are stored in axon terminals

Answer 32

Posterior

Question 33

Action potential from the _________ trigger the release of hormones into the blood stream

Answer 33

Hypothalamus

Question 34

The adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release c___________

Answer 34

corticosteroids

Question 35

_______ regulate carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism

Answer 35

corticosteroids

Question 36

_________] regulate electrolyte and water levels, mainly by promoting sodium retention in the kidney

Answer 36

Mineralcorticoids

Question 37

What gland inhibits rising blood levels of thyroid hormones that act on pituitary and hypothalamus

Answer 37

The thyroid

Question 38

The thyroid gland has two lateral lobes connected by median mass called _______

Answer 38

Isthmus

Question 39

The thyroid hormone Is a major _______ hormone

Answer 39

Metabolic

Question 40

The ______ organ has both endocrine and exocrine cells

Answer 40

Pancrease

Question 41

_______ cells produce glucagon (hyperglycaemic hormone)

Answer 41

Alpha

Question 42

Beta cells produce _______ (hypoglycaemic hormone)

Answer 42

Insulin

Question 43

The major target of glucagon is the ______]

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

Glucagon released by alpha cells ________ blood glucose levels

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

_________ is the the break down if glycogen to glucose

Answer 45

Glycogenolysis

Question 46

G_________ is the synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and non-carbohydrates

Answer 46

Glycogenesis

Question 47

Insulin ________ blood glucose levels

Answer 47

Lowers

Question 48

Diabetics Mellitus (DM) is. Homeostatic imbalance of _______

Answer 48

insulin

Question 49

Three signs of diabetes Mellitus | ________ (huge urine output), _______ (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger and food consumption)

Answer 49

Polyuria | Polydipsia