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SHS112 > DIGESTIVE > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE Flashcards

0
Q

The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small/large intestines are all examples of ___________ organs

A

Alimentary

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1
Q

The digestive system falls into two categories

  1. The ________ _______ (GI tract)
  2. The __________ organs (helpers)
A

Alimentary canal

accessory digestive

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2
Q

Teeth, tounge, gallbladder and glands: salivary gland, liver and pancreas are all examples of ___________ digestive organs

A

Accessory

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3
Q

The digestive tract lies in principal body cavities: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic (minor cavaties).
The abdominal cavity contains _________ organs and is bounded superiorly by the diaphragm

A

Digestive

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4
Q

________ is serous membranes made if connective tissue and epithelial cells

A

Peritoneum

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5
Q

__________ __________ is a membrane layer associated with walls of abdominal cavity

A

Parietal perineum

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6
Q

__________ _________ is a membrane layer covering viscera (organs)

A

Visceral peritoneum

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7
Q

Serous membranes secrete _______ _______

A

serous fluid

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8
Q

Ingestion > p_________ > mechanical breakdown > digestion > absorption > d_________

A

propulsion

defecation

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9
Q

p________ moves food through the GI tract
Swallowing (_________)
Peristalsis (____________) major force driving propulsion

A

Propulsion
Voluntary
Involuntary

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10
Q

Where does segmentation occur

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Enzymes secreted into ________ catabolise good into their chemical building blocks

A

lumen

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12
Q

Digestion is ________

A

Chemical

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13
Q

_______ _______ _______ is chewing and segmentation

A

Mechanical break down

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14
Q

S________ beings the chemical break down of food (catabolism) and it contains digestive enzymes

A

Saliva

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15
Q

Bolus is

A

Mass if chewed food ready for swallowing

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16
Q

_____ deciduous teeth (primary teeth) and ______ permanent teeth

A

20

32

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17
Q

Adults have ___ incisors, ___ canine, 2 pre molars and _____ molars (8x4=32)

A

2,1,3

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18
Q

The oesophagus pierced the diaphragm at the _______ ________

A

oesophageal hiatus

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19
Q

The oesophagus joins the stomach at the _______ (top part of the stomach)

A

Cardia

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20
Q

_______ sphincter: sphincter between the oesophagus and stomach

A

Gastroesophageal

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21
Q

D___________ (swallowing)

A

Delutition

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22
Q

Deglutition (swallowing) has two phases

  1. Buccal phase
  2. _________ phase
A

Pharyngeal-Oesophageal

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23
Q

The stage where the food goes from the oesophagus to the stomach is called what?

A

Peristalsis

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24
Q

P_________ is alternating contractions of circular muscles that force bolus towards the stomach

A

Peristalsis

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25
Q

The ___________ sphincter opens immediately prior to bolus arriving at the stomach

A

gastroesophageal

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26
Q

In the stomach the bolus turns to what

A

Chyme

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27
Q

The oesophagus connects to the stomach at the c________

A

Cardia

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28
Q

The ______ bulges superolaterally to cardia

A

Fundus

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29
Q

The p________ sphincter is a valve controlling stomach emptying into duodenum

A

Pyloric

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30
Q

The role of the muscularis externa is to ______

A

Churning

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31
Q

The layers of the muscularis externa from superficial to deep are
__________, circular and deep layers

A

Longitudinal

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32
Q

The _________ omentum attaches the liver curvature of stomach and becomes continuous with the v_______ peritoneum of the stomach (membrane covering the stomach)

A

Lesser

visceral

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33
Q

The __________ omentum hangs from the greater curvature if the stomach and covers the intestinal coils. It ascends to insert in transverse ___________ (part if the large intestine)

A

Greater

Transverse colon

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34
Q

The stomach is dotted with millions of ________ pits. These pits lead to gastric glands that produce gastric juice

A

Gastric

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35
Q

Mucous neck cells secrete what

A

acidic mucus

36
Q

_________ cells secrete HCl in the stomach

A

Parietal

37
Q

The major digestive organ is the ______

A

Small intestine

38
Q

The small intestine converts chyme into a form ready for absorption across small _______ wall

A

intestinal

39
Q

The small intestine starts at a convoluted tube from the _________ (pyloric sphincter) to the _______ (ileocecal valve)

A

stomach

Cecum

40
Q

Duodenum&raquo_space; j____________&raquo_space;> I________

A

Jejunum

Ileum

41
Q

The _________ curves around the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

42
Q

The duodenum receives bile duct from liver + pancreatic duct from pancreas which becomes the major __________ _________

A

Duodenal papilla

43
Q

The duodenum meets the jejunum at the ___________ flexture

A

Duodenojejunal

44
Q

The jejunum runs from the _________ flexture to the _________

A

duodenojejunal

Ileum

45
Q

The ileum connects to the large intestine at the ________ valve

A

ileocecal

46
Q

_________ have the major job in absorption

A

Enterocytes

47
Q

Peyers patches are clusters if ________ follicles

A

lymphoid

48
Q

The mesentery is a double layer of what ?

A

Peritoneum

49
Q 
The liver has four lobes
\_\_\_\_\_ lobe (largest), left love, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobe
A

Right
Caudate (posterior lobe)
Quadrate (inferior to left lobe)

50
Q

The ______ ligament attaches to diaphragm and anterior abdominal. Wall

A

flaciform

51
Q

The _______ ligament separates the right and left lobes Anteriorly

A

falciform

52
Q

The ______ ligament extends inferiorly from the falciform ligament

A

Round

53
Q

The lesser ________ anchors the liver to lesser curvature of the stomach

A

omentum

54
Q

The function of the ______ is to. Filter and process nutrient rich blood deliveries

A

liver

55
Q

The portal ______ is located at 6 corners of the lobule of the liver

A

triad

56
Q

The branch from the _______ artery supplies oxygen rich arterial blood to the liver

A

heptic

57
Q

The branch of ______ portal vein carriers nutrient rich venous blood from digestive organs

A

hepatic

58
Q

________ process nutrients in the blood; for example store passing glucose as ________

A

Hepatocytes

glycogen

59
Q

_________ is converting ammonia to urea

A

Detoxification

60
Q

Blood exiting the ______ contain low oxygen, low nutrients and low waste

A

liver

61
Q

B_______ is a by product of haeme

A

Bilirubin

62
Q

The liver is covered in visceral ____________ except on the bare area

A

Peritoneum

63
Q

The _______ ligament attaches to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall and it separates the right and and left lobes

A

falciform

64
Q

The ______ omentum anchors the liver to lesser curvature of the stomach.

A

Lesser

65
Q

The function of the ______ is to filter and process nutrient rich blood deliveries

A

liver

66
Q

Liver ______ are the functional units of the liver

A

Lobules

67
Q

The portal triad is located at the 6 corners of lobule and is comprised of a branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the hepatic portal vein and ______ duct

A

Bile

68
Q

There are two blood supplies to the liver. Blood percolates through s_______

A

sinusoids

69
Q

The ________ vein is from the abdominal viscera (stomach, intestines etc), nutrient rich (absorbed from food) to liver

A

portal

70
Q

The portal _______ from hepatic artery is oxygenated blood from the heart

A

arteriole

71
Q

What do Hepatocytes do in blood

A

Process nutrients in blood - eg: store passing glucose as glycogen

72
Q

Bile salts are recycled. They are first reabsorbed by the i________, returned to the liver by the ___________ and then re secreted in newly formed bile

A

ileum

Hepatic portal vein

73
Q

B______ is the by-product of haeme from haemoglobin due to destruction of old red blood cells

A

Bilirubin

74
Q

Hepatocytes produce b________ canaliculi and send to bile duct

A

Bile

75
Q

Bile from the bile duct in portal triad drains to the right or left _______ ducts which Becomes the common hepatic duct

A

hepatic

76
Q

The bile duct ________ opens to allow bile into the ________ via major duodenal papilla

A

sphincter

Duodenum

77
Q

The cystic duct from _______ merges with common hepatic duct to form the bile duct

A

gallbladder

78
Q

The gallbladder stores what?

A

Excess bile from the liver

79
Q

The pancreas is a ________ digestive organ; gland connects to GI tract via duct

A

accessory

80
Q

The pancreas produce secretions that exit via ________ ducts

A

dedicated

81
Q

Pancreatic juice consists of water, enzymes, and ___________ ____

A

bicarbonate ions

82
Q

The ________ produces secretions that exit the pancreas via blood stream to exert effect throughout the body

A

pancreas

83
Q

Islets of _______ contain alpha and beta cells

A

langerhans

84
Q

What to beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

85
Q

What do alpha cells secrete ?

A

Glucagon

86
Q

Beta cells secreting insulin cause glucose ________ by cells which leads to a ________ in blood glucose levels

A

uptake

Decrease

87
Q

Alpha cells secrete glucagon which ______ glycogen … This leads to an _________ in blood glucose levels

A

Induces

increase

SHS112 (16 decks)

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