Cultural variations in attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cultural variations?

A

The ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices

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2
Q

Who conducted a study on the cultural variations of attachment?

A

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

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3
Q

What type of study did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg conduct?

A

A meta-analysis

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4
Q

How many studies were included in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

A

32

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5
Q

What were Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg looking for?

A

Intercultural and intracultural differences in attachment

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6
Q

What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg find about inter-cultural differences?

A

They were very small

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7
Q

What was the most common attachment in every country?

A

Secure

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8
Q

What was the second most common attachment in most countries?

A

Insecure avoidant

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9
Q

Which 2 countries had insecure resistant as their second most common attachment?

A

Israel and Japan

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10
Q

What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg find about intra-cultural differences?

A

They were 1.5x greater than inter-cultural differences

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11
Q

Why were a high proportion of German infants found to be insecurely attached?

A

Because interpersonal distance between parents and children is encouraged

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12
Q

Why were a high proportion of Japanese infants found to be insecurely attached?

A

Because in Japan, children are always with their mothers

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13
Q

What are the 4 AO3 points of cultural variations in attachment?

A

1) Countries not cultures
2) Cross cultural research
3) High population validity
4) Alternative indigenous theories

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14
Q

Why is it problematic that Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg looked at countries rather than cultures?

A

Because there are many sub-cultures within a country

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15
Q

What was found about attachment in Tokyo?

A

The findings were similar to Western cultures

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16
Q

What was found about attachment in rural Japan?

A

There was an overrepresentation of insecure-resistant infants

17
Q

What can be said about the use of Ainsworth’s strange situation on other cultures?

A

It is imposed etic

18
Q

Why is the procedure of the strange situation culturally biased?

A

In America, willingness to explore is a sign of secure attachment, however, in some cultures this may not be the case

19
Q

What was the sample size of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis?

A

Over 2000

20
Q

Why is Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis having high population validity good?

A

Increases the internal validity by decreasing the impact of any
anomalous results caused by weak methodology or particularly unusual participants

21
Q

What are indigenous theories of attachment?

A

Relating attachment to cultural values