Religion & religious divisions

Question 1

What was the position of the crown in church?
What was the affect of Henry VIII?

Answer 1

Head of Church of England
Reformation: Catholic to Protestant

Question 2

What was the religious landscape when James became king of England?

Answer 2

Recent period of Protestant persecution under Bloody Mary 1553-58
Spanish Armada
War with Spain
Caused period of Catholic hatred

Question 3

What was James’ attitude towards religion?

Answer 3

Tried to find middle ground
Shows Arminian preference towards end of reign
Allows/doesn’t censor Montague’s ‘a new gag for an old goose’
Became frustrated with puritan demands
Pragmatist (first 10 years)

1606 oath of allegiance after gunpowder plot - allegiance to king not pope for catholics

Question 4

What was Charles’ attitude towards religion?

Answer 4

Obvious preference for Arminianism early on
Parliament thinks it’s an Arminian conspiracy

Question 5

What was the period of James’ rule called?
What was the period of Charles’ rule called?

Answer 5

Jacobethan
Cardine

Question 6

What was the King James Bible?
What was the new prayer book?

Answer 6

James realtors bible to push agenda of his Devine right & prerogative
Result of Hampden Court Conference
1611
Translated Latin to English

Imposed remade bible on Scotland
Triggered Bishops war as too Catholic (population mostly Presbyterian/puritan)

Question 7

What was Bancroft’s cannons?
Why was it not good for puritans?
What was it an anomaly of in James’ early reign?

Answer 7

1614
James gave support to church laws called BC

Upheld doctrines condemned by them
Was a drive for conformity
Those who didn’t conform (puritans) expelled (not many tho)

Temporary departure form James overarching views

Question 8

What bishop that James allowed prominence to in court was problematic & why?

Answer 8

Laud
Armenian

Question 9

What is one way Charles showed an Arminian preference?

Answer 9

Reorganisation of the church:
Altars at east end
Decoration (stained glass windows)
Episcopacy
Removal of bishops (later)
Preaching standardised from same bible: no interpretation

Question 10

What was the issue with Charles’ wife Henrietta Maria?

Answer 10

French Catholic
Had influence over Charles especially after Buckingham’s assassination 1628
Advised to continue 1st civil war rather than settle
Added to Catholic conspiracy

Question 11

What was the issue with James’ wife Anne?

Answer 11

Anne of Denmark (not Catholic) but not so secretly converted to Catholicism

Question 12

How did Charles let his personal opinion affect his religious foreign policy?

Answer 12

Hatred of Catholic Spain after failed Madrid trip (1623) as not treated well
Wanted to join 30 years war against Catholic Spain
James didn’t
Charles joined in 1626

Question 13

How was tension brought about by the Spanish match?

Answer 13

Anti-Catholic feeling in England

Question 14

When was the York house conference?
Why did the PN feel offended?

Answer 14

1626
Buckingham chaired and Charles a no show

Question 15

What was the focus of the York house conference?
What did Warwick want?
What did Buckingham support?
Why?

Answer 15

1626
Montagus writings (Arminian)
Wanted Buckingham to live away from anti-Calvinism

Laud (leading anti-Calvinist)
To stay in Charles’ favour as relied on him

Question 16

What was the extent of the Catholic threat during James’ reign?
Why?

Answer 16

Not great, quite passive

Minority
1605 gunpowder plot by a minority & made rest more passive
Remained loyal to crown

Question 17

What was the extent of puritan threat during James’ reign?

Answer 17

Not great but more active than Catholics
1603 millinery petition
1605 Hampton court conference

Question 18

What was the millinery petition?

Answer 18

1603
As James travels to England
Puritan requests for church modifications
James believer in predestination do sympathetic
James have all tithe income to paying church salaries

Question 19

What was the hampdon court conference?
What was the only clash?

Answer 19

1604
Response to millinery petition
To establish how James wanted church settled
Doesn’t achieve much but shows James is willing to listen

James thought puritans wanted end to episcopacy (Catholic) rather than a modified version

Question 20

What did Puritanism develop from?

Answer 20

Most from various Protestant groups
Developed from Calvinism
Dominant Protestantism

Group wanted to be furthest away from catholics

Question 21

What were Presbyterians?

Answer 21

Protestant
Minority

Question 22

What was Puritanism?

Answer 22

Protestant
Important minority

Question 23

What was Calvinism?

Answer 23

Protestant
Minority

Question 24

What was Arminianism?

Answer 24

Protestant
Thought to be Catholic due to emphasis on ceremony
Minority but gained influence under Charles

Question 25

What was Catholicism?

Answer 25

Minority
Majority in Ireland

Question 26

What we’re puritan & Arminian views of the church reformation?

Answer 26

Not sufficiently reformed
Wanted to avoid radicle change

Question 27

What was the Oath of Allegiance?
What did Parliament pass the same year?

Answer 27

1606 - after Catholic gunpowder plot
Sewar allegiance to king not pope (Catholic)

2 severe laws against Caths - J didn’t rigorously enforce