Chapter 17

Question 1

What was Charles II character?

Answer 1

False image as ‘merry monarch’
Opportunistic
Inconsistent
Reckless

Question 2

What was Charles II like as a king?

Answer 2

Short term solutions
Failed to initiate needed reform
Eventually proved a successful monarch

Question 3

When was the Declaration of Breda?
What was it?

Answer 3

4th April 1660
Charles II appealed to those who sought stability
Outlined terms of restoration

Question 4

What were the terms of Charles’ Declaration of Breda?

Answer 4

C would rule as traditional monarch
Promised to pay army
Pardon to almost all subjects

Question 5

Why did PN have to accept the Declaration of Breda?

Answer 5

Despiration

Question 6

When was the start of the Convention p?
How were people elected?
What political standing were many of the members?

Answer 6

25 April 1660
Free elections
Conservative & thereby Royalist

Question 7

Who made up the Convention p?

Answer 7

Conservatives & therefor Royalists
1/2 parliamentarians
Many diff religious & political groups
Some tried to limit monarch power

Question 8

What did royalists in the Convention opp about the king?

Answer 8

Restrictions

Question 9

When did Convention declare Charles II king?

Answer 9

8 May 1660

Question 10

What was the Convention p purpose?

Answer 10

Temp p to re-establish monarchy - restore order & const monarchy
Deal w/ immediate issues

Question 11

When was the Indemnity Act?
What was it?
Who was exempt form this?

Answer 11

29 Aug 1660
Pardon for parliamentarians as stated in Declaration of Breda
Excluded 30 men from pardon for Charles I death

Question 12

Why were church & crown lands reclaimed in the land settlement?

Answer 12

Lands sold off during rev
C handed problem to P who failed to make formal solution

Question 13

Why did the army peacefully disband during the Convention p?

Answer 13

Paid as promised in Breda
Only for wartime (had been around for 15 years)
Reduced NMA influence
Formed 1645
Disbanded 1660

Question 14

What type of king did the new const make Charles?

Answer 14

King w/o any limitations imposed

Question 15

How was Charles financed?

Answer 15

Dependent on P grants
=> had to recall every year 1660-81
T&P for life
1.2 in times of peace, only 400,000 raised as through taxes

Question 16

What happened to the Church of England & religious toleration after the restoration?

Answer 16

C said people had right to worship freely
recognised but didn’t materialise
C of E restored, not broadened

Question 17

What did P not pass any of in 1660?
What was a consequence of this?

Answer 17

Militia bills
20 Nov 1660, C dissolved bc lack of militia legislation & religious settlement problems

Question 18

When was the Cavalier P?
When were elections held?
Why was it created?

Answer 18

1661-79
May 1661
Royalist backlash

Question 19

What was the focus of MPs in the Cavalier p?

Answer 19

Local concerns as thought gov concerns for the monarch

Question 20

What happened to acts of p that hadn’t received royal ascent during the Cavalier p?

Answer 20

Cancelled the acts
Some 1641 legislation limiting crown power would stand tho: abolition of star chamber & ship money maintained

Question 21

What was changed in the 1664 remodelling of the Triennial Act?

Answer 21

Recalling of p every 3 years expected not required

Question 22

What did the Cavalier P do to the monarchs position?

Answer 22

Strengthened it

Question 23

What was the extent of censorship in the restoration?

Answer 23

Control of printing
Prevention of pamphlets
Anti-C propaganda, especially outside London

Question 24

What did the 1661 & 2 Militia Acts do?

Answer 24

C has control of militia

Question 25

What was it made treason to accuse the king of after the restoration?

Answer 25

Popery (Catholic)

Question 26

Who was the Earl of Clarendon?

Answer 26

Edward Hyde
C principal advisor 1660-67
Advisor to C when C in exile
Dominated C gov

Question 27

Why was the earl of Clarendon successful?

Answer 27

Worked when C uninterested

Question 28

What was the Earl of Clarendon’s personality?

Answer 28

Pragmatic
Business like

Question 29

Who did the Earl of Clarendon have a bad relationship with?

Answer 29

Charles II didn’t like him
Unpopular with gov p
Opp in Privy Council grew

Question 30

When was the Earl of Clarendon forced to resign?
How was this achieved?
Where was he exiled to?

Answer 30

Aug 1667
Used as scapegoat for failures in 2nd Dutch war (1665-67)
France