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Stuart Britain And The Crisis Of Monarchy 1603-1702 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the uprisings in Scotland that caused the start of the civil war?

A

Bishops wars
Scottish uprising 1637

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2
Q

What triggered the Bishops wars?
What was the religious strife?

A

New prayer book imposition
Demanded end of popery as Scottish Covenanters were Presbyterians

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3
Q

When did the Scottish Covenanters defeat Charles in the bishops wars?

A

October 1640
Truce of ripon

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4
Q

What did civil war in Scotland trigger?

A

Civil war in Ireland:
Irish rebellion 1641

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5
Q

When was the Irish catholic confederation formed?
Who did it consist of?

A

May 1642
Gaelic Irish
Old English

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6
Q

What happened at Ulster (Ireland) in April 1642?

A

10,000 Scottish troops bolstered Ulster Protestants

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7
Q

Why were Ulster Protestants defeated by Scottish troops at Ulster, 1642?

A

Uncoordinated troops
Outnumbered
Less organisation
Opponents more religiously motivated
Opponents better supplied

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8
Q

Who controlled parts of Ireland by 1653?

A

Scottish Covenanters extended Protestant control over north
Catholic confederation had rest of Ireland bar Dunbar

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9
Q

How did Ireland & reports of Irish massacres trigger unrest and opposition in England?

A

Manipulated figures reported in England: 3,000-80,000 dead

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10
Q

Why was parliament in session throughout the civil wars?
What did this give parliament?

A

Long parliament 1640-60
Charles can’t parogue:
New rules
Not in London, in Hampden Palace

Parliament have political control of London:
Crowd
Political clubs
Costal port for supplies

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11
Q

When did the civil war start?

A

1642 when Charles raises his standard in Nottingham

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12
Q

Why was the militia in parliamentary control by the start of the civil wars?

A

Bill of Attainder
10 propositions (parliament grievances)

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13
Q

Who does Charles ally with in the first civil war?
What made up the royalist forces?

A

Irish confederates

Royal army
Council of war
Earl of Newcastle
Prince Rupert

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14
Q

Who did parliament ally with in the first civil war?
What made up the parliament forces?

A

Scottish Covenanters (Presbyterians)
Through solemn league & covenant, 1643

London trained bands
Committee of both kingdoms (set up NMA)
Fairfax & his northern forces

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15
Q

How did Charles slightly gain from the solemn league & covenant?

A

Alienated son Scottish nobles who went in to support Charles
Earl of Montrose led royalist forces to some victories 1644-45 but little gain

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16
Q

What ended Charles’ military hopes in Scotland?

A

Earl of Montrose army dispersed
Ended by 6,000 Covenanter troops

17
Q

What happens at Turnham Green?

A

November 1642
Royalists don’t take back London

18
Q

Which side has a number of victories in 1643?

A

Royalists

19
Q

What happens at Marston Moore?
Despite the outcome, what happens months later?

A

July 1644
Largest civil war battle
Parliament win

Parliament suffer defeats

20
Q

Why is the NMA formed?
Who was it formed under

A

After parliament defeats months after Marston moor win
Cromwell & Fairfax

21
Q

What happens at Naseby?

A

June 1645
Charles dismissive of NMA
Charles military capabilities defeated in England as position in Scotland & Ireland fall apart

22
Q

When did Charles surrender?

A

May 1645
To Scot’s who hand him over to England

23
Q

What were the royalist strengths in the first civil war?

A

Led by recognised lawful ruler
More support (finds) from aristocracy & higher gentry
Focused objective: take back London
Military aid abroad: nephews prince Rupert & Maurice

24
Q

What were the royalist weaknesses in the first civil war?

A

Administration
Charles indecisiveness
Generals
Division
Charles as military leader
Charles agreement with catholics
Reliance of foreign aid

25
Q

How was administration a royalist weakness?

A

Ineffective council of war with limited authority
Royalist commanders basically independent

26
Q

How was Charles’ indecisiveness a royalist weakness?

A

Strategically didn’t take advantages of experienced generals or aristocracy support

27
Q

How were generals a royalist weakness?

A

Luitennant’s lacking experience & commitment
When Charles appointed experienced militaries instead, caused division as nephews Rupert & Maurice

28
Q

How was division a royalist weakness?

A

Lack of Charles leadership
Henrietta = keep fighting
Advisor Hyde = peace

29
Q

How was Charles as military leader a royalist weakness?

A

Poor
Didn’t act on best advice
Made self commander-in-chief so responsible for defeats

30
Q

How was Charles’ agreement with confederates a royalist weakness?

A

Ineffective Irish troops
Seen as trying to impose Laudianism: parliament propaganda

31
Q

How was reliance on foreign aid a royalist weakness?

A

Captured Charles correspondence with french & pope (Catholic)
Parliament published in the kings cabinet opened

32
Q

What we’re the reasons for parliamentarian victory in the first civil war?

A

NMA
Control of navy
Holding London
Pym & alliances
Finance

33
Q

How did the NMA help with parliament victory?

A

Regularly paid
Protestant soldiers
Never defeated in battle
Religious (puritan) motivation

34
Q

How did the control of navy help with parliament victory?

A

Supply forces in strongholds
Hamper supply of royalist forces

35
Q

How did the holding of London help with parliament victory?

A

Access to city loans
London = 1/10 of England population gave man power
Larges England port
Chief industrial centre: arms, clothes, shoes
Printing centre for propaganda

36
Q

How did Pum & alliances help with parliament victory?

A

Kept parliament together despite factions
Got solemn league & covenant
Charles forced to stay in north by 21,000 Scot’s form SL&C (disappointing otherwise)

Stuart Britain And The Crisis Of Monarchy 1603-1702 (31 decks)

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