Chapter 21 - The Glorious Revolution

Question 1

How did William take control of London?

Answer 1

Occupying forces
James’ army defected to William

Question 2

Who made up the new Convention Parliament?
When did they first meet?
What was their aim?

Answer 2

3 5ths Whigs
2 5ths Tories
22 January 1689
Discuss & justify deposing James for William
Introduce new laws to the constitution

Question 3

How was the Convention Parliament divided over the succession?

Answer 3

Whigs think James forfeited throne
Tories want William & Mary to be regents or Mary to be Queen with William as consort

Question 4

What were the 2 propositions the Lords agreed on concerning succession?
What was this encouraged by?

Answer 4

Mary shares title (not power) of monarch
Mary’s sister, Anne ahead of others in succession if Mary died before having own heirs

William warned return to Holland if not made king in secret meeting with peers

Question 5

What was the Declaration of Rights?

Answer 5

1689
No Catholics to be in power
Ambiguous in terms of James removal & William & Mary position
Caused some people to see James as lawful king

Read during William & Mary offering of crown ceremony

Question 6

Why did William & Mary swear a different oath at their coronation?

Answer 6

To show their different position

Question 7

What was the Mutiny Act?

Answer 7

1689
Prevented creation of standing army without Parliament consent

Question 8

What was the Toleration Act?

Answer 8

1689
Exempted dissenters from penal laws if they took an oath of allegiance

Question 9

What was the Bill of Rights?

Answer 9

1690
Diluted Declaration of Rights
Rejects/prevents absolutism
Limited monarchy/constitutional monarchy

Question 10

What was the financial settlement of March 1690?

Answer 10

£1.2 million annually for crown
1/2 for civil government
1/2 for war
Crown immediately in debt

Question 11

What was the Milan Loan Act?

Answer 11

1693 & 94
Established Bank of England
Funding for war with France
Secured Parliament control over monarch
Financial revolution

Question 12

How were Scotland & Ireland viewed/treated after the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 12

Scotland continued being treated preferentially to Ireland
Scotland given respect as defeated power
Ireland seen as defeated enemy (not united with England) & punished

Question 13

What was the purpose of the meeting of the Convention of Estates (Scottish elite) with William?

Answer 13

Agree continuation of the contractual theory of kingship

Question 14

What maintained Presbyterianism in Scotland after the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 14

Abolition of Bishops

Question 15

What was the Jacobite Highlander Rebellion?

Answer 15

Aim to put James II’s family back on throne
Jacobite = James supporters
Defeated 1690

Question 16

How does James show compromise after the Jacobite Highlander Rebellion?

Answer 16

Repealed crown supremacy over the Kirk
Abolished patronage
Purged 600 ministers to ensure reforms were successful

Question 17

What religious revolutions occur in Ireland after the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 17

1640s Catholic revolution
Protestant counter-revolution lasts into 18th century

Question 18

Why does Ireland become the centre of Jacobite resistance?

Answer 18

James II lands in Ireland with 3,000 troops despite saying he would go quietly

Question 19

What was the Battle of the Boyne?
What was the consequence of the battle?

Answer 19

William & Mary forces beat James II forces in Ireland
Ireland subjugated: anti-Catholic penal laws enforced

Question 20

How did Scotland loose their independence?

Answer 20

1707
Failed Darien scheme
Shows they were given freedom to do so, unlike Ireland, just didn’t work