Chapter 24

Question 1

What form of government emerged under William & Mary?
Why?

Answer 1

Cabinet (small, closed off group)
To deal with defeating Louis XIV on the continent

Question 2

Why were William & Mary seen as absolutist to some?

Answer 2

Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Use of veto
Attempt to retain standing army after end of 9 Years War

Question 3

How often did Parliament meet after 1689?
What enforced this in 1694?

Answer 3

Every year
Triennial Act - Parliament to meet annually, elections every 3 years, personal rule no longer constitutional

Question 4

What was ‘appropriation’ that was introduced under William & Mary’s government?

Answer 4

Parliament specified a purpose for grants of money to the crown

Question 5

When was William & Mary’s 1st Parliament?

Answer 5

1690-95

Question 6

What was the Act of Grace?

Answer 6

1690 (1st Parliament)
Pardoned all parliamentarians for actions prior to 1688 (healing & settling)

Question 7

What was the Commission of Public Accounts?

Answer 7

December 1690 (1st Parliament)
Reviewed state finances

Question 8

How did Parliament become the controller of crown finances?

Answer 8

Commission of Public Accounts attacked crown in 1691 for wasting money

Question 9

What grant was approved during the 1st Parliament?
What encouraged MP approval for the grant?

Answer 9

£4,600,000
Nottingham & Danby influence over MPs
Threat of Louis XIV & James II

Question 10

When did the Whigs & Tories unite?
Why?
What did it’s failure show?

Answer 10

1691-93 (1st Parliament)
To limit monarchs power through Treason Trial Bill (Lords defeated) & Judge’s Bill (William vetoed)
Showed royal prerogative still existed

Question 11

What was the Million Loan Act?

Answer 11

1693 (1st Parliament)
Loan of £1 million repaid through taxes
Created financial revolution as created national debt leading to creation of Bank of England

Question 12

Who did William promote during 1694 (1st Parliament)?

Answer 12

Junto Whigs - ‘monied men’ - new money

Question 13

What act was passed despite initial veto during the 1st Parliament?

Answer 13

1694
Triennial Act

Question 14

When did Mary die?
What did this lead to?

Answer 14

1695 (1st Parliament)
More criticism of William
Parliament dissolved, ended connection to throne

Question 15

What happened during the 1st Parliament?

Answer 15

Act of grace, 1690
Commission of Public Accounts, 1690
£4,600,000 grant
Whigs & Tories unite
Million Loan Act, 1693
Triennial Act, 1694
Death of Mary, 1695

Question 16

When was William’s 2nd Parliament?

Answer 16

1695-98

Question 17

Why did tensions grow between Junto Whigs & ‘Country’ Tories during the 2nd Parliament?

Answer 17

Tories concerned about their influence:
Opposition to war
Influence of Dutch ‘secret advisors’
‘monied men’
Bank of England

Question 18

How did William react to a 1696 assassination attempt (2nd Parliament)?

Answer 18

Made all office holders swear an oath of loyalty to him
Many Tories didn’t & were replaced

Question 19

How did Tories become more significant during the 2nd Parliament?

Answer 19

Treaty of Ryswick that ended the 9 Years War (1697) removed Junto Whigs key influence over William: financing the war

Question 20

When was William’s 3rd Parliament?

Answer 20

1698-1700

Question 21

By the 3rd Parliament, who did most MPs support?

Answer 21

The ‘Country’ position - Tories

Question 22

What established government being paid for by the taxpayer?

Answer 22

1698 (3rd Parliament)
Taxes of £700,000 annually for Crown’s government costs
Established the civil list

Question 23

What was the civil list?

Answer 23

Tax list to fund government
Who pays taxes, who money goes to & how much

Question 24

What was the Disbanding Bill?

Answer 24

1699 (3rd Parliament)
Opposed standing army
Reduced force to 7,000
Constant army created fears of absolutism

Question 25

Why did William pirogue his 3rd Parliament?

Answer 25

Parliament tried to remove all ‘foreigners’ from his councils
(Intolerance was the driving force for Tories)

Question 26

When was William’s 4th Parliament?

Answer 26

1701

Question 27

What was the Act of Settlement?

Answer 27

1701 (4th Parliament)
Planning for succession after William
Chose Sophia of Hanover
Ensured control over non-English monarchs
Ensured succession remained protestant

Question 28

What was the Abjuration Act?

Answer 28

1701 (4th Parliament)
All MPs & government officials had to deny allegiance to James II & descendants