1.2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Weimar Republic Flashcards

Exam revision

1
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles impose?

A

Guilt Clause 281
lost land
army limited to 100,000 troops
reparations: 132,000 million gold marks

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2
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Diktat - dictated peace
harsh settlement unilaterally imposed

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3
Q

What did the unemployed men returning from war form?

A

private armies

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4
Q

Who was dismissed, triggering the Spartacist uprising?

A

popular police chief in Berlin and radical USPD member Eichorn

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5
Q

When was Eichorn dismissed?

A

4 January 1919

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6
Q

Who united in the Spartacist uprising?

A

Spartacists, USPD members and union officials

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7
Q

What happened on 6 January 1919 in the Spartacist uprising?

A

thousands of armed workers took key buildings
eg. newspaper offices

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8
Q

What happened to the government in the Spartacist uprising and why?

A

Ebert moved it to the Weimar, concerned as this was how Russian Revolution started

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9
Q

What happened to the Spartacist uprising?

A

Crushed by Freikorps, leaders Liebknecht and Luxemburg executed

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10
Q

Which states did the communists take over and set up their own governments?

A

Bavaria
Saxony
Thuringia

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11
Q

What happened in Bavaria taken over by the communists?

A

put down by the army

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12
Q

What happened in Saxony and Thuringia taken over by the communists?

A

Reichsexecution - federal government removed state government and replaced by military government
Saxony: ‘troops were greeted with cheers’

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13
Q

Who supported the right-wing?

A

wealthy landowners
army
industrialists
teachers, passed beliefs on to students

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14
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

12 March 1920

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15
Q

Who led the Kapp Putsch?

A

Kapp
Luettwitz and Ehrhardt (Freikorps leaders)
Ludendorff (WW1 general)

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16
Q

What happened in the Kapp Putsch?

A

Berlin taken and government fled, proclaimed themselves the new government
most of army didn’t join but wouldn’t fight

17
Q

How was the Kapp Putsch resolved?

A

trade unions called a general strike = almost universal
4 days later Kapp government fell
Kapp died in prison, but others given short sentences

18
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8 November 1923

19
Q

Who led the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler and Ludendorff

20
Q

What happened in the Munich Putsch?

A

Similar to Mussolini’s ‘March on Rome’
SA surrounded beer hall where von Kahr and other officials were in a meeting
announced Bavarian and national governments were deposed and they would be forming a new government

21
Q

How was the Munich Putsch resolved?

A

one by one escaped and organised resistance
only 500 showed up for march on Berlin in the morning
taken prisoner after short battle with police

22
Q

What happened at Hitler’s trial after the Munich Putsch?

A

gave a widely reported speech on his beliefs
sentenced to 5 years but possible early release
wrote Mein Kampf in prison
showed he needed to gain power legally

23
Q

When was the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

A

15 November 1918

24
Q

What did Ebert agree to in the Stinnes-Legien agreement?

A

legislation on working hours and union representation in exchange for their support

25
Q

What was the voter turnout like?

A

consistently high
1919 - 83%
November 1932 - 81%

26
Q

What was pro-constitution party results like?

A

1919 - 81%
November 1932 - 35%

27
Q

What was anti-constitution party results like?

A

1919 - 18%
November 1932 - 58%

28
Q

Which parties were pro-constitution?

A

SPD, DDP, DVP

29
Q

Which parties were anti-constitution?

A

KPD, USPD, NSDAP

30
Q

How is it shown that the SA was successful at suppressing political parties?

A

1932 - 51 parties stood
March 1933 - 14 parties stood

31
Q

What were SPD votes like when the government was successful?

A

1924 - 131 seats
1928 - 153 seats

32
Q

Why was there lopsided control?

A

differences between response to left and right wing opposition
eg. army, judiciary

33
Q

What happened when the government failed?

A

right wing president elected
nazis voted in

34
Q

What even showed support for the Weimar Government?

A

1923 - Saxony welcomed Reichsexecution, ‘troops were greeted with cheers’