UNT 2 - KA5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all components of blood carried around in

A

All of the components of blood are carried around the body in different types of blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessel found in the body

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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3
Q

What are the 4 main points about Nat 5 arteries vs veins (blood pressure and direction)

A

Artery - much thicker muscular wall than veins, carry blood at high pressure , narrower central channel, carry blood away from the heart

Vein - thinner muscular wall than artery, carry blood at low pressure towards the heart, wider central channel, carry blood towards the heart

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4
Q

What do veins contain which arteries do not

A

Veins also contain structures called valves - these prevent the back flow of blood and ensure it only travels in one direction

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5
Q

What is the cycle of blood circulation (think acv)

A

Blood circulates from the heart through the arteries to the capillaries then to veins and back to the heart. There is a decrease in blood pressure as blood moves away from the heart

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6
Q

What happens to blood pressure as it moves away from the heart

A

Decreases

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7
Q

What does pulmonary circulation relate to

A

Pulmonary circulation relates to the lungs

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8
Q

How does the pulmonary artery differ from all other arteries in the body

A

It is unusual as arteries usually carry oxygenated blood whereas the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it picks up oxygen

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9
Q

How does the pulmonary vein differ from all other veins in the body

A

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart this is unusual because most veins carry deoxygenated blood

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10
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries

A

The coronary arteries supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with blood containing glucose and oxygen

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11
Q

Blood vessel - artery

A

Arteries have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres and a middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres.

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12
Q

Blood vessel - vein

A

Veins have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres but a much thinner muscular wall than arteries. They contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood

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13
Q

Blood vessel - capillary

A

Capillaries allow exchange of substances with tissues through their thin walls

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14
Q

What is the benefit of the thick muscular wall in arteries

A

Thick muscular wall helps withstand pressure of heart pumping

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15
Q

What is the endothelium surrounded by

A

The endothelium lining the central lumen of blood vessels is surrounded by layers of tissue

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16
Q

What is the role of the elastic walls of arteries

A

The elastic walls of the arteries stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart

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17
Q

What can the smooth muscle in arteries do

A

The smooth muscle can contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow

18
Q

What is the role of the central lumen

A

Central lumen of an artery is where the blood flows through - this is relatively narrow

19
Q

What type of wall do capillaries have

A

Each capillary has a very thin wall called the endothelium (only one cell thick)

20
Q

What does the endothelium of a capillary line

A

Lines the central lumen of the capillary

21
Q

What are capillaries the site of

A

Capillaries are the site of material exchange

22
Q

What type of blood vessels can carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Arteries

23
Q

What can happen to the smooth muscle surrounding arteries to control blood flow

A

To control blood flow the smooth muscle surrounding arteries can contract causing vasoconstriction or relax causing vasodilation

24
Q

What do capillaries allow

A

Capillaries allow exchange of substances with tissues through their thin walls

25
Q

What are arterioles and venules

A
  • smaller/narrower arteries
  • smaller/narrower veins
26
Q

Describe a functional difference between arteries and veins

A
  • arteries carry blood that is oxygenated/HIGH BP
  • Veins carry blood that is deoxygenated/low BP
27
Q

Vasodilation

A

During strenuous exercise arteries leading to working muscles undergo vasodilation. This allows an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles involved in strenuous exercise

28
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

At the same time arteries leading to abdominal organs such as the small intestine undergo vasoconstriction. This reduces blood flow to these organs during the period of strenuous exercise

29
Q

Why can arteries carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Muscular walls thicker than veins

30
Q

Where do capillaries exist

A

Capillaries exist in a dense network called a capillary bed

31
Q

What is exchanged in capillary beds

A

It is here that gases, nutrients and waste materials are exchanged with tissue cells

32
Q

What is everybody cell near and bathed in

A

Every body cell is near a capillary and constantly bathed in a liquid called tissue fluid

33
Q

What is pressure filtration

A

When blood arrives at the arteriole end of a capillary bed, High pressure forces the plasma through the thin walls of the capillaries into the tissue fluid surrounding the cells

34
Q

How many substances are forced through capillary walls

A

Most of the dissolved substances in the plasma are also forced through the capillary walls.

35
Q

Which molecules remain behind in the plasma

A

Only the large protein molecules, and blood cells of course remain behind in the plasma

36
Q

What does tissue fluid supply cells with

A

Tissue fluid supplies body cells with glucose, oxygen and other substances down the concentration gradient

37
Q

Which substances diffuse out of the cells into the tissue fluid

A

Carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes diffuse out of the the cells and into the tissue fluid to be excreted in the opposite direction

38
Q

What happens to blood pressure at the venule side of capillary bed

A

At the venule side of the capillary bed the blood pressure has fallen

39
Q

What happens to the tissue fluid at the Venule side of the capillary bed

A

Here much of the water In the tissue fluid returns to plasma by osmosis. At the same time carbon dioxide and additional waste products enter the plasma by diffusion

40
Q

What happens to excess tissue fluid

A

lymphatic vessels absorb excess tissue fluid and return it as lymph to the circulatory system

41
Q

How much of the tissue fluid returns to the bloodstream

A

Not all the tissue fluid returns to the bloodstream in the capillaries

42
Q

What is the composition of tissue fluid and blood plasma

A

Tissue fluid and blood plasma are similar in composition with the exception of plasma proteins, which are too large to be filtered through the capillary walls