UNIT 3 - KA3

Question 1

What does memory involve

Answer 1

Memory involves encoding, storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

What do memories include

Answer 2

Memories include past experiences, knowledge and thoughts

Question 3

What are the three stages to memory

Answer 3

1- sensory memory
2- short term memory
3- long term memory

Question 4

Which inputs does the sensory memory retain

Answer 4

Sensory memory retains all the visual and auditory (seeing and hearing) input received for a few seconds

Question 5

How much of the visual and auditory input from level 1 (sensory memory) is encoded into stm

Answer 5

Only selected images and sounds are encoded into the short term memory

Question 6

What is the process of encoding

Answer 6

Encoding is when the information is converted into a form that the Brain can process and store

Question 7

Where does encoding transfer information to

Answer 7

Encoding = transferring information into the memory (STM or LTM)

Question 8

What does the STM memory have

Answer 8

The short term memory has a limited capacity and holds information for a short time

Question 9

What is the limited capacity of the short term memory called

Answer 9

A limited capacity - called the memory span

Question 10

What is the memory span

Answer 10

The memory span is the number of items of information the short term memory can hold which is around 7+/-2 items

Question 11

What is the explanation of items being lost by displacement

Answer 11

Lost by displacement due to new items entering the STM

Question 12

How accurate is the retrieval of items during the short time the stm holds it

Answer 12

The short term memory holds information for a short time. During this time, retrieval of items is very accurate

Question 13

The short term memory has (Point 2)

Answer 13

The short term memory holds information for a short period of time. During this time retrieval of items is very accurate. Thereafter items are either transferred (to LTM) or lost by displacement (due to new items entering stm) or decay (lost)

Question 14

Where does all information entering the Brain pass through

Answer 14

All information entering the brain passes through the sensory memory and enters short term memory (STM) information is then transferred to long term memory or is discarded

Question 15

How can memory span be extended

Answer 15

Memory span can be extended by rehearsal ams chunking

Question 16

How are items maintained by rehearsal

Answer 16

Rehearsal involves repeating what you have learned (either silently or out loud) over and over again

Question 17

What does rehearsal extend

Answer 17

Rehearsal extends the length of time information is held in STM, and aids the transfer from STM to LTM

Question 18

What is the effect of chunking

Answer 18

Chinking maximises the amount of information that can be held in each item in STM

Question 19

What do we still have room for if we use chunking

Answer 19

Using chunking you still have room for more pieces of information in your stm as you have no exceeded your memory span limit

Question 20

What does the serial position effect show

Answer 20

The serial position effect shows that items are remembered at the start and end of a sequence

Question 21

What is the primacy effect

Answer 21

Items at the beginning of the series have been rehearsed and transferred from STM to LTM

Question 22

What happens to items in the middle of a sequence

Answer 22

Items in the middle have been forgotten due to displacement or decay from stm

Question 23

What is the recency effect

Answer 23

Items at the end are still in STM and are able to be written down quickly before they are forgotten

Question 24

What is long term memory

Answer 24

The LTM has an unlimited capacity and holds information for a long time

Question 25

How can information be transferred and encoded from the STM to LTM

Answer 25

1. Rehearsal
2. Organisation
3. Elaboration

Question 26

Rehearsal (2nd version)

Answer 26

Rehearsal is regarded as a shallow form of encoding information into the LTM

Question 27

Elaboration

Answer 27

Elaboration is regarded as a deeper form of encoding which leads to improved information retention

Question 28

Organisation

Answer 28

Related information is grouped together/ put into categories

Question 29

What long term memory transfer is retrieval aided by

Answer 29

Retrieval is aided by the use of contextual cues

Question 30

What is the function of contextual cues

Answer 30

Contextual cues relate to the time and place when the information was initially encoded into the LTM

Question 31

What can stm do as well as storing data

Answer 31

STM also processes data, to a limited extent, as well as store it

Question 32

Which model explains why the STM can perform simple cognitive tasks

Answer 32

This ‘working model’ explains why the STM can perform simple cognitive tasks

Question 33

Use the example of the number of drawers in house to explain the working memory model

Answer 33

You form a mental image of your home and then go for a virtual tour room by room, you use your working memory to count the number of drawers and and add this value to the running total in your STM