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HIGHER HUMAN BIOLOGY > UNT 2 - KA5 > Flashcards

UNT 2 - KA5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are all components of blood carried around in

A

All of the components of blood are carried around the body in different types of blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessel found in the body

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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3
Q

What are the 4 main points about Nat 5 arteries vs veins (blood pressure and direction)

A

Artery - much thicker muscular wall than veins, carry blood at high pressure , narrower central channel, carry blood away from the heart

Vein - thinner muscular wall than artery, carry blood at low pressure towards the heart, wider central channel, carry blood towards the heart

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4
Q

What do veins contain which arteries do not

A

Veins also contain structures called valves - these prevent the back flow of blood and ensure it only travels in one direction

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5
Q

What is the cycle of blood circulation (think acv)

A

Blood circulates from the heart through the arteries to the capillaries then to veins and back to the heart. There is a decrease in blood pressure as blood moves away from the heart

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6
Q

What happens to blood pressure as it moves away from the heart

A

Decreases

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7
Q

What does pulmonary circulation relate to

A

Pulmonary circulation relates to the lungs

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8
Q

How does the pulmonary artery differ from all other arteries in the body

A

It is unusual as arteries usually carry oxygenated blood whereas the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it picks up oxygen

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9
Q

How does the pulmonary vein differ from all other veins in the body

A

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart this is unusual because most veins carry deoxygenated blood

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10
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries

A

The coronary arteries supply the cardiac muscle of the heart with blood containing glucose and oxygen

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11
Q

Blood vessel - artery

A

Arteries have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres and a middle layer containing smooth muscle with more elastic fibres.

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12
Q

Blood vessel - vein

A

Veins have an outer layer of connective tissue containing elastic fibres but a much thinner muscular wall than arteries. They contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood

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13
Q

Blood vessel - capillary

A

Capillaries allow exchange of substances with tissues through their thin walls

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14
Q

What is the benefit of the thick muscular wall in arteries

A

Thick muscular wall helps withstand pressure of heart pumping

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15
Q

What is the endothelium surrounded by

A

The endothelium lining the central lumen of blood vessels is surrounded by layers of tissue

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16
Q

What is the role of the elastic walls of arteries

A

The elastic walls of the arteries stretch and recoil to accommodate the surge of blood after each contraction of the heart

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17
Q

What can the smooth muscle in arteries do

A

The smooth muscle can contract or relax causing vasoconstriction or vasodilation to control blood flow

18
Q

What is the role of the central lumen

A

Central lumen of an artery is where the blood flows through - this is relatively narrow

19
Q

What type of wall do capillaries have

A

Each capillary has a very thin wall called the endothelium (only one cell thick)

20
Q

What does the endothelium of a capillary line

A

Lines the central lumen of the capillary

21
Q

What are capillaries the site of

A

Capillaries are the site of material exchange

22
Q

What type of blood vessels can carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Arteries

23
Q

What can happen to the smooth muscle surrounding arteries to control blood flow

A

To control blood flow the smooth muscle surrounding arteries can contract causing vasoconstriction or relax causing vasodilation

24
Q

What do capillaries allow

A

Capillaries allow exchange of substances with tissues through their thin walls

25
Q

What are arterioles and venules

A
  • smaller/narrower arteries
  • smaller/narrower veins
26
Q

Describe a functional difference between arteries and veins

A
  • arteries carry blood that is oxygenated/HIGH BP
  • Veins carry blood that is deoxygenated/low BP
27
Q

Vasodilation

A

During strenuous exercise arteries leading to working muscles undergo vasodilation. This allows an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles involved in strenuous exercise

28
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

At the same time arteries leading to abdominal organs such as the small intestine undergo vasoconstriction. This reduces blood flow to these organs during the period of strenuous exercise

29
Q

Why can arteries carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Muscular walls thicker than veins

30
Q

Where do capillaries exist

A

Capillaries exist in a dense network called a capillary bed

31
Q

What is exchanged in capillary beds

A

It is here that gases, nutrients and waste materials are exchanged with tissue cells

32
Q

What is everybody cell near and bathed in

A

Every body cell is near a capillary and constantly bathed in a liquid called tissue fluid

33
Q

What is pressure filtration

A

When blood arrives at the arteriole end of a capillary bed, High pressure forces the plasma through the thin walls of the capillaries into the tissue fluid surrounding the cells

34
Q

How many substances are forced through capillary walls

A

Most of the dissolved substances in the plasma are also forced through the capillary walls.

35
Q

Which molecules remain behind in the plasma

A

Only the large protein molecules, and blood cells of course remain behind in the plasma

36
Q

What does tissue fluid supply cells with

A

Tissue fluid supplies body cells with glucose, oxygen and other substances down the concentration gradient

37
Q

Which substances diffuse out of the cells into the tissue fluid

A

Carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes diffuse out of the the cells and into the tissue fluid to be excreted in the opposite direction

38
Q

What happens to blood pressure at the venule side of capillary bed

A

At the venule side of the capillary bed the blood pressure has fallen

39
Q

What happens to the tissue fluid at the Venule side of the capillary bed

A

Here much of the water In the tissue fluid returns to plasma by osmosis. At the same time carbon dioxide and additional waste products enter the plasma by diffusion

40
Q

What happens to excess tissue fluid

A

lymphatic vessels absorb excess tissue fluid and return it as lymph to the circulatory system

41
Q

How much of the tissue fluid returns to the bloodstream

A

Not all the tissue fluid returns to the bloodstream in the capillaries

42
Q

What is the composition of tissue fluid and blood plasma

A

Tissue fluid and blood plasma are similar in composition with the exception of plasma proteins, which are too large to be filtered through the capillary walls

HIGHER HUMAN BIOLOGY (25 decks)

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