Periparturient emergencies Flashcards
when do cervical/ vaginal prolapses occur
pre-partum- occasionally in oestrus
how to tell difference between uterine and cervical/vaginal prolapses
uterine- postpartumn- cotyledons visible
carvical/ vaginal- pre-partum
describe a grade 1 cervicovaginal prolapse
Small intermittent vaginal prolapse only present when animal lies down
describe a grade 2 cervicovaginal prolapse
Continuous vaginal prolapse. Can rapidly progress to grade 3. Bladder may be included
describe a grade 3 cervicovaginal prolapse
Vagina and cervix continuously prolapsed with exposure of mucus plug which may liquify allowing ascending infection.
describe a grade 4 cervicovaginal prolapse
Long standing grade 3 prolapse resulting in necrosis and fibrosis of mucosa. May lead to peritonitis
List 2 risk factors of a uterine prolapse
hypocalcaemia
difficult calving
List 4 risk factors of cervical/vaginal prolapse
limited exercise
hereditary
increased abdominal pressure
hypocalcaemia
describe how to use gravity to help replacae cervical/vaginal prolapse
If animal is recumbent place in sternal with hindlimbs ‘frog legged’
If animal is standing, make sure is a flat or downhill surface
Describe how to replace cervical/ vaginal prolapse
epidural
Clean prolapse
Apply firm cranial pressure to the prolapsed vagina (+/- cervix) with a flat hand
Prolapse will evert and replace
Perform Bühner suture
Give pain relief +/- antibiotics
List 3 potential complications of cervical/ vaginal prolapse
ruptured bladder
ringwomb
ascending infection –> placentitis and fetal death
what is ringwomb
Failure of cervix to fully open at parturition
May need C-sec
Describe how to treat uterine prolapse
epidural
use gravity
remove placenta and clean prolapsed uterus
Starting at vulva, carefully use fists to massage the uterus back into place
Ensure uterine horns fully everted
give calcium and oxytocin and pain relief and ABs
List 3 potential complications of replacing uterine prolapses
haemorrhage
metritis
reduced subsequent reproductive performance
Describe how to reduce the risk of haemorrhage when replacing uterine prolapse
Avoid excessive movement of animal
Careful handling of everted uterus