Week 2: GI Tract - Drugs for PUD Flashcards
What is the goal of using drugs for PUD? (4)
- Alleviate symptoms
- promote healing
- Prevent complications (hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction)
- Prevent recurrence
What are the 4 types of drugs that are used for PUD?
- H2 receptor antagonist
- Proton pump inhibitors
- Other antacids
- antibiotics
Many of the medications for PUD can also be used to manage GERD. Which 3 types of drugs are those?
- H2 receptor antagonist
- Proton pump inhibitors
- Other antacids
What is the goal of drug therapy for GERD? (3)
- Alleviate symptoms
- promote healing of esophageal mucosal injury (ulceration or bleeding)
- Prevent complications like esophageal strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, etc.
What is the goal of drug therapy for PUD? (4)
- Alleviate symptoms
- promote healing of gastric/duodenal mucosa
- Prevent complications (hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction)
- Prevent recurrence
Which medication is a histamine-2 receptor antagonist?
- ranitidine
What is the difference between H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) and H2 receptor antagonists?
- H1 are targeted towards allergy symptoms
- H2 receptors are located in the parietal cells of the stomach
What occurs when you block the H2 receptors?
- reduces the volume of gastric juice and decreases the concentration of acid
How long does it take to heal gastric and duodenal ulcers with ranitidine?
- requires long term therapy, 6-12 weeks
What are the indications for using ranitidine? (2)
- PUD
- GERD
What are the adverse effects of ranitidine? (4)
CNS:
- confusion
- hallucinations
- CNS depression (cross BBB poorly so rare)
- increased risk for pneumonia (loss of acidic buffer means increased pH)
What are nursing considerations for ranitidine? (3)
- Assess for epigastric pain, abd pain or signs of GI bleeding (hematemesis, frank blood or occult blood in stool)
- Assess for signs of confusion (esp. in older adults)
- Administer antacids an hour apart from other medications
- Monitor for signs of pneumonia
Which medication is an example of a proton pump inhibitor?
omeprazole (Losec)
most effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion
What is the MOA of omeprazole?
- causes irreversible inhibition of H=, K+ ATPase, the enzyme that generates gastric acid
A single dose of omeprazole inhibits acid production by ___% in 2 hours
97