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comps > part 1: phonetics and typical development part 1 > Flashcards

part 1: phonetics and typical development part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

onset (consonants)

A

/s/ in sit or the /k/ in cup

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2
Q

codas (consonants)

A

/t/ in sit or the /p/ in cup

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3
Q

voicing (consonants)

A

timing of the onset of VF vibration

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4
Q

voiced consonants

A

the VFs are vibrating during the consonant

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5
Q

voiceless consonants

A

VFs do not vibrate

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6
Q

place of articulation

A

where the airstream modification takes place

where the modification of airstream takes place for a consonant

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7
Q

labial poa

A

bilabial - lips come together
labiodental - teeth come together with lips

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8
Q

interdental

A

tip of tongue between the upper and lower front teeth

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9
Q

alveloar

A

made at alveolar ridge, where we make most of our sounds
/t, d, s, z, n, l/

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10
Q

palatal

A

/sh, ch, j, y, r, vi(s)ion/
body of the tongue raised aganist the hard palate

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11
Q

velar

A

/g/, /k/, /ng/
back part of the tongue against the soft palate

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12
Q

glottal

A

sound made at the glottis or larynx
/h/

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13
Q

manner of articulation

A

how the airstream is modified

the way in which the airstream is modified to produce a consonant

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14
Q

stop (plosive)

A

air explodes

air is stopped entirely by completely obstructing the airstream within the oral cavity

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15
Q

bilabial voiceless stop

A

/p/

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16
Q

bilabial voiced stop

A

/b/

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17
Q

alveolar voiceless stop

A

/t/

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18
Q

alveolar voiced stop

A

/d/

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19
Q

velar voiceless stop

A

/k/

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20
Q

velar voiced stop

A

/g/

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21
Q

nasals

A

produced by lowering the velum while completely obstructing the airstream within the oral cavity; all nasals are voiced

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22
Q

voiced bilabial nasal

A

/m/

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23
Q

voiced alveolar nasal

A

/n/

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24
Q

voiced velar nasal

A

/ng/

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25
Q

fricatives

A

produced by forcing the breath stream through a narrow channel or constriction in the vocal tract

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26
Q

voiceless labiodental fricative

A

/f/

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27
Q

voiced labiodental fricative

A

/v/

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28
Q

voiceless interdental fricative

A

voiceless /th/ - one with the line through it

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29
Q

voiced interdental fricative

A

voiced th - one with squiggly line on top

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30
Q

voiceless alveolar fricatice

A

/s/

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31
Q

voiced alveolar fricative

A

/z/

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32
Q

voiceless palatal fricative

A

/sh/ - fancy s

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33
Q

voiced palatal fricative

A

big 3 - like the s in vision

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34
Q

voiceless glottal fricative

A

h

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35
Q

affricates

A

combo of a stop and a fricative
-an affricate is a single phoneme. a stop followed by fricative is a sequence of two phonemes

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36
Q

voiceless palatal affricate

A

ch - t with squiggly s

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37
Q

voiced palatal affricate

A

j - d3

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38
Q

approximants

A

includes liquids and glides
-similar to vowels but they appear in syllables as either onsets or codas

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39
Q

glides

A

approximant consonants produced with a gliding motion of the articulators - they are always onsets 0 prevocalic

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40
Q

liquids

A

approximant consonants produced with a stable articulatory setting

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41
Q

voiced labiovelar glide

A

w

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42
Q

voiced palatal glide

A

y - which is j in ipa for some reason

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43
Q

voiced alveolar liquid

A

l

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44
Q

voiced palatal liquid

A

/r/ or upside down /r/ (reef)

45
Q

/i/

A

high, front, tense, unrounded vowels
key

46
Q

/I/

A

high, front, lax, unrounded vowel
win, dish

47
Q

/e/

A

mid, front, tense, unrounded
rebate

48
Q

/E/

A

mid, front, lax, unrounded
red, bet

49
Q

/ae/

A

low, front, lax, unrounded
had, bat

50
Q

upside down e

A

mid, central, lax, unrounded, unstressed
about, away, cinema

51
Q

/^/

A

mid, central, lax, unrounded, stressed
bud, cup, luck

52
Q

upside down e with squiggly

A

mid, central, lax, rounded, unstressed
butter, bert

53
Q

big e with squiggly

A

mid, central, tense, rounded, stressed
bird, turn, learn

54
Q

/u/

A

high, back, tense, rounded
moon, boot

55
Q

horshoe

A

high, back, lax, rounded
wood, put, book

56
Q

o and horshoe

A

high-mid, back, tense, rounded
okay

57
Q

/aI/

A

Diphthong, mid, central
buy/my

58
Q

a and horseshoe

A

Diphthong, high-mid, back
how/now

59
Q

backwards c and I

A

diphthong, high-mid, central
boy/noise

60
Q

backwards c

A

low, mid, back, tense, rounded
law

61
Q

/a/

A

low, back, tense, unrounded
cod

62
Q

acoustics

A

the study of physical properties of sound

63
Q

time

A

in acoustics, time refers to the duration of a sound

64
Q

frequency

A

of cycles of a wave completed in one second

65
Q

pitch

A

our perception of the fundamental frequency of speech; quality of human speech

66
Q

intensity

A

amplitude (loudness) of a sound

67
Q

waveform

A

graphical representation of sound in which intensity appears on the y-axis and time appears on this x-axis

68
Q

sine wave (simple tone)

A

have one frequency

69
Q

complex tone (waveform)

A

has more than one frequency; combo of simpler waves

70
Q

spectrum

A

graphical representation of sound in which intensity appears on the y-axis and frequency is on the x-axis

71
Q

larynx produced the source sound for speech

A

true

72
Q

properties of source spectrum

A

harmonics
fundamental frequency

73
Q

harmonics

A

component of frequency in a complex sound

74
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the first harmonic

75
Q

formants

A

peaks in the spectrum - across multiple harmonics - where intensity for a particular frequency is greater than for surrounding frequencies

76
Q

fundamental frequency

A

base frequency or pitch of a person’s voice

77
Q

vowel acoustics:

A

waveforms and spectra

78
Q

low vowels have a _____ F1

A

high

79
Q

back vowels have a ____ F2

A

low

80
Q

consonant acoustics

A

VOT and voicing

81
Q

voice-onset time (VOT)

A

the time from the burst onset to the start of voicing in the following vowel

82
Q

burst

A

the acoustic energy created by the release of the stop

83
Q

voiced stops have short VOT, voiceless stops have long VOT

A

VOT signals the voicing features of stop

84
Q

how do you tell the difference between pear and bear?

A

voice onset time!

85
Q

voice bar

A

-is the fundamental frequency in a spectogram
-the vocal chords are moing weven when your mouth is closed

86
Q

what is the difference between ape and abe?

A

the voice bar in abe

87
Q

formant transition

A

changes to the trajectory of a formant caused by the place of articulation of an adjacent consonant

88
Q

what acoustic cue helps us hear the difference between abe and aid?

A

formant transitions

89
Q

formant transitions indicate place of artic. for

A

initial, medial, and final stops

90
Q

fricatives

A

broadband noise resulting from the turbulence from a constriction in the vocal tract

91
Q

/s/ has

A

the most noise high up on the spectrum

92
Q

sh has

A

a lower noise than s

93
Q

/f/ and voiceless th look similar and this is why

A

kids sometimes pronounce one for the other

94
Q

voiceless fricatives

A

have a greater energy due to turbulence

95
Q

voiced fricatives

A

have energy from voicing (vertical striations) and a voice bar but less noise from turbulence

96
Q

sibilant fricatives

A

-alveolar and palatal fricatives
-have greater intensity than other fricatives, including more well-defined spectral shapes
/s, sh, z, and vision/

97
Q

non-sibilant fricatives

A

have less intensity than other fricatives
diffuse noise across from a larger number of frequecies
/f, v, voiced and voiceless th, h/

98
Q

affricates

A
99
Q

nasal formants are

A

nasal fromants are typically very low

100
Q

glides

A
101
Q

liquids

A
102
Q

what sounds are typical for 2 years old?

A

b, d, h, m, n, and p

103
Q

what sounds are typical for 3 year olds?

A

f, g, k, t, w,ng

104
Q

what sounds are typical for 4 years old?

A

kw

105
Q

what sounds are typical for 5 years old?

A

ch, j, l, s, sh, y, bl, z

106
Q

what sounds are typical for 6 years old?

A

r, v, br, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, kl, kr, pl, st, tr

107
Q

what sounds are typical for 7 years old?

A

z, sl, sp, sw, th

108
Q

girls are ____ likely to need intervention for speech

A

less

109
Q
A

comps (33 decks)

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