part 2: evaluating speech sound disorders

Question 1

when the final consonant in a word is left off

toad; toe
beep; bee

Answer 1

Final Consonant Deletion

Question 2

when a weak syllable in a word is deleted; usually at the beginning of the word

banana; nana
potato; teto

Answer 2

weak syllable deletion

Question 3

consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant

stop; top
snow; no

Answer 3

consonant cluster reduction

Question 4

Cluster remains intact but one sound will be changed to a sound that is easier for the child

slide; swide
ask; ast

Answer 4

consonant cluster simplification

Question 5

when a sound is added between 2 consonants, typically the upside down e

black; bulack
sweet; suweet

Answer 5

epenthesis

Question 5

reversal of 2 segments in a word (same sounds in a different order)

basket; bakset

Answer 5

metathesis

Question 6

when a consonant sound starts to sound like another sound in the word

duck; guck
coat; coak

Answer 6

assimilation

Question 7

when velar or palatal sounds like /k/, /g/ and sh, are sibstituted with alveolar sounds like, /t/, /d/, and /s/

coke; tote
go; do

Answer 7

fronting

Question 8

fricatives (like /f/ or /s/) and/or affricates (ch, j) are replaced by stops (/p/ or /d/)

sun; tun
dump; jum[

Answer 8

stopping

Question 9

liquids /l/ and /r/ turn to /w/ or /y/

yello; yeyo
run; wun

Answer 9

gliding

Question 10

adding a vowel (typically /o/) to the end of a word

car; cao
table; tabo

Answer 10

vocalizations (vowelization)

Question 11

affricates (ch & j) are replaced by fricatives (sound made by air that comes through a narrow space; f,v,sh,s,z,th) or stops like sh or /d/

chips; ship

Answer 11

deaffrication

Question 12

voiceless consonants are replaced by their voice counterpart

comb; gomb
tom; dom

Answer 12

prevocalic voicing

Question 13

voiced consonants in the final position are produced as voiceless

dog; dok
bed; bet

Answer 13

devoicing of final consonants

Question 14

when a nasal consonant like /m/ or /n/ changes to a nonnasal consonant like /b/ or /d/

nose; doze

Answer 14

denasalization

Question 15

backing
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 15

-
nondevelopmental/rare

Question 16

fronting
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 16

3.5
developmental

Question 17

gliding
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 18

stopping
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 18

/f,s/ by 3 yrs; /v,z/ by 3 1/2 yrs; sh, ch, j by 4 1/2 yrs; /th/ by 5 yrs

developmental

Question 19

vowelization
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 19

-
developmental

Question 20

deaffrication
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 21

assimilation
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 22

denasalization
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 23

final consonant devoicing
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 24

prevocalic voicing
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 25

cluster reduction
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 25

4 yrs w/out /s/ 5 yrs w/s/
developmental

Question 26

final consonant deletion
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 26

3 yrs
developmental

Question 27

weak syllable deletion
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Answer 27

4 yrs.
developmental

Question 28

epenthesis
-age of elimination
-developmental or nondevelopmental/rare process

Question 29

describe single word elicitation procedure

Answer 29

1. prompt for a spontaneous production, for example by saying “this is a __”
2. if child does not know the word or provides something other than the word provide semantic cues “this part doesn’t open, and it keeps the dogs in the yard”
3. if child doesn’t know the word set up a delayed imitation “this is a fence. it keeps dogs in the yard. what’s it called?”
4. direct imitation is last resort “say ‘fence’”

Question 30

How will a client imitate in one or more contexts sounds that were produced in error during testing. Typically, maximal cueing is provided, including instructions about placement and visual/tactile feedback

Answer 30

stimulability testing

Question 31

assessing accuracy for a sound in a variety of word positions, in particular, in onset position, coda position, and in consonant clusters.

Answer 31

contextual testing

Question 32

describe steps of oral mech

Answer 32

pucker, smile, side to side, tongue, identify abnormalities inside and outside of mouth, ddk rate

Question 33

identify issues related to assessment of CAS

Answer 33

-No agreed upon set of diagnostic critria
-only 1 assessment protocol
-Many signs and symptoms are also seen in SSD