part 3: treatment of speech sound disorders

Question 1

target selection for tx

Answer 1

-types of patterns
-effect on intelligibility
-stimulability
-age of acquistion
-error consistency: start with sounds that are sometimes produced correctly

Question 2

cycles approach - when to use

Answer 2

-children with highly unintelligibile speech
-goal of tx is to increase intelligibility/communication
-no mastery criterion, cycle the phonemes out as need

Question 3

cycles approach - emphasis of tx

Answer 3

1. auditory bombardment
2. production practice
   3.errorless learning

go in order from most stimulable sounds

Question 4

cycles approach - method

Answer 4

-review practice words from previous session
-introduce phoneme target for the day
-auditory bombardment (read list of words containing sound for 1 min)
-activity with new target words
-stimulability prob to select targets for next session
-2nd auditory bombardment plus phonological awareness activity
-home practice

Question 5

goal of traditional/motor based approach

Answer 5

change motor behaviors
-assume all artic errors happen bc of incorrect placement of

Question 6

3 stages of traditional approach

Answer 6

1. establishment
2. generalization
3. maintenance

Question 7

establishment: traditional approach

Answer 7

teach correct production in easiest environments
-perceptual discrimination/training: identification, isolation, stimulation discrimination

Question 8

steps for production practice

Answer 8

1. imitation/stimulability training
2. teach phonetic placement
3. successive approximation: build off of what child can say and modify them into target sound
4. contextual utilization

Question 9

core vocabulary treatment

Answer 9

focus on small, functional vocab in increase intelligibility; can be combined with other approaches

Question 10

steps for core vocab tx

Answer 10

1. child, parents, teachers select 30-50 high functioning words
2. select 10 words each week of tx
3. end session by rehearsing best productions (consistently correct productions removed from list, inconsistent words remain on the list)

Question 11

visual feedback: electropalatography

Answer 11

a false palate provides feeback about the placement of the tongue along the hard palate

Question 12

visual feedback: spectograms

Answer 12

provide visual feedback of the acoustics of speech. certain sounds have acoustic cues that can be readily observed in a spectogram

Question 13

visual feedback: ultrasound

Answer 13

provides visual feedback of tongue shape and some information about tongue placement

Question 14

visual feedback: real-time spectra

Answer 14

the Start App provides a real-time spectrum, allowing both the clinician and client to see the 3rd formant

Question 15

visual feedback: drawing of vocal tract or articulatory synthesizer

Answer 15

drawing or using a articulatory synthesizer can help the client visualize

Question 16

toobaloo

Answer 16

enhanced auditory feedback of a client’s own voice. good for almost any sound

Question 17

auditory feedback: straws

Answer 17

especially good for laterilized /s/

Question 18

auditory feedback perturbation

Answer 18

acoustic cues (formants or pitch) are manipulated while a person speaks so they hear something else

Question 19

different types of tactile feedback

Answer 19

-sucker or tongue depressor
Speech Buddies

Question 20

minimal pairs (phonological approach)

Answer 20

focus on contrast of sounds (a single phoneme contrasted to another single phoneme)
-communication oriented: help child understand difference
-typically paired sound with errored sound
-use perceptual training