1.5 The Use Of Finishes Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
What are the uses of finishes ?
A
- enhance aesthetics
- provide protection against factors such as weathering , moisture , decay and insect attacks
2
Q
What is self finishing ?
A
A material that has an acceptable finish after processing
3
Q
What is meant by the term self coloured ?
A
A material that has an acceptable colour after processing
4
Q
What is an applied finish ?
A
A substance applied to the material after processing.
5
Q
Why would paper and boards require finishes ?
A
- protection for the material - from liquid spills or dirt
- material enhancement - attract consumer to as specific product
6
Q
What are the laminating methods to consider in relation to papers and boards ?
A
- lamination via encapsulation
- lamination via surface coating
7
Q
What is lamination via encapsulation ?
A
- sheet of paper is encapsulated in a polymer pouch or film roll , which is fed through the desk top laminator
- heat sealed leaving a polymer cover on both sides and a border around the paper
8
Q
What is liquid lamination via surface coating ?
A
Liquid lamination - applied with a roller or spray
9
Q
What is film lamination via surface coating ?
A
- made of pp with an adhesive to make the laminate stick to the paper.
- the laminate is fed from a roller and pressure is applied as the paper is fed through.
10
Q
Uses of film lamination - via surface coating
A
Business and menu cards
11
Q
Uses of liquid lamination via surface coating-
A
Signage
12
Q
What is embossing ?
A
Raised design on the surface of the paper or card to give an virtual and tactile effect
13
Q
Uses of embossing ?
A
Greeting cards , chocolate boxes
14
Q
Describe the embossing process
A
- uses two dies made from stainless steel or brass
- substrate sheet is placed between the two dies and held under pressure
- the raised surface can have ink or foil applied
15
Q
What is it called when an embossed area dosent have ink or foil ?
A
A blind emboss
16
Q
What is debossing ?
A
Produces an imprint that sits below the surface of the paper or card - similar process to embossing with two dies
17
Q
What is foil blocking ?
A
The application of heat and pressure to a metallic paper using a blocking plate machine to match art work
18
Q
Uses for foil blocking ?
A
Hospitality presentation products
19
Q
What types of foils can be used for foil blocking ?
A
- metallic colours
- gloss
- Matt
- clear
- holographic
20
Q
Describe the foiling blocking process
A
- Foil sheet is placed between the die and the paper
- as die is pressed into the foil sheet, it allows the foil to stick to the paper.
- if the heat or pressure is to high the foil will bubble and start to peel
- if the heat or wasn’t high enough the foil wouldn’t adhere to the surface
21
Q
What are foil printing dies typically made from ?
A
- magnesium , copper , polymers , brass
- ## thinner 16 gauge ( may snap )
22
Q
What is varnishing ?
A
Varnish is a clear non pigmented ink used on pre coated papers and boards to enhance colours
23
Q
What types of varnishes are available ?
A
- gloss
- Matt
- satin
- tinted ink
24
Q
What type of paper is varnish suitable for and why ?
A
Pre coated - they will not soak up the ink and swell or bleed
25
What does uv varnishing provide ?
A smooth finish, abrasion and chemical resistant
26
How is uv varnish applied to paper and boards ?
Via a set of rollers , sheet is then passed under a uv light
27
What is spot varnishing ?
Varnish that is applied to specific area it spots rather than to the whole surface area
28
What is screen printing ?
Printing process for small print runs such as posters and display boards .
29
What is the oxide layer formed on copper called ?
Patina
30
Why does steel not have great protection against environmental effects ?
- steel have an oxide layer , that is porous , allowing moisture to penetrate the metal, leading to rust when most outer penetrates through the porous barrier - layers of crumbling rust
31
What is the process of a cellulose and acrylic paints ?
- metals surface is cleaned and degreased to ensure that the primer had a sound surface ( grip )
- red oxide primer is often followed by an undercoat in a similar colour to the final top layer
- applied via brush or spray
32
What is the purpose of applying cellulose or acrylic paints to the surface ?
- provide colour / texture
- provide a barrier against corrosion
- specialist paints provide texture or graphical effects such as pearlescence
33
Why is the electroplating process used ?
- protective layer , hard wearing finish
- enhanced aesthetics
34
Describe the polymer dip coating process
- the metal is heated to approximately 200 degrees
- the hot object is then dipped into a tank of powdered thermoforming plastic - typically nylon
- the polymer powder has a flow of air providing an even coating / fluidisation bath
- the heat melts the powder into a even surface / placed into an oven to smoothen the surface
- cooled to set evenly
35
What is the purpose of a polymer dip coating ?
- provide grip
- aesthetic
- comfort of the product
36
Describe the metal dip coating process -
- metals are initially prepped :
Degreaser / acid to remove oxide and flux
- metals are coated by dipping the metals into a tank of molten metal
37
Examples of metal dip coating ?
- galvanising and tin coating
38
What is the positives of galvanising steel ?
- applying zinc ( recycled without loosing any properties )
- cost effective
- sustainable
- recycled
- minimal maintenance ( reduce extra energy )
- low carbon footprint
- zinc has the ability to galvanically protect to the steel ( through chemical reaction )
39
What is the purpose of a metal dip coating ?
- protective barrier against corrosion
40
Describe the powder coating process ?
- The product is initially negatively charged ( statically )
- thermoset polymer resin ( positively charged) is sprayed using an air gun
- strong attraction between the powder and the product
- product is then baked in an oven ( heat melts the powder over the product to give an even coating
41
What are the benefits of powder coating metals ?
- preprinting against corrosion and aesthetic appeal
42
Describe the metal varnishing process
- metal is polished and surface is cleaned from grease
- varnish is then applied with a brush or spray
43
What does metal varnishing provide ?
- protection for the metal and allows the base colour of the metal to show through
44
Describe the process of using sealants ?
- the sealant is applied with a cloth or machine pad to produce a film that is then allows to cure for up to 15 minutes
- it is then buffed with a cloth to shine
45
What is the purpose of using a sealant on metal ?
Polymer based sealant coatings to protect polished surfaces from decay and tarnishing
46
What types of products use sealants to protect metal and why ?
- automotive industry
- resist weathering and road salts and insect attack
47
Describe the process of using preservatives
- applied wiping on or with a cloth , spray or immersion of the the product
- silicon sealants can be classified and can be used on machine beds to provide a smooth , snag free surface. To allow materials to be pushed across the bed more easily and safely
48
Describe the anodising process ?
- electric current passes through sulphuric acid electrolyte solution.
- the aluminium oxide layer builds up in the treated part , producing the anodised finish
- anodised finished surface can be finished with a clear lacquer or varnish to seal the foaming and provide further protection against surface scratches
49
What are uses of the anodising process ?
- aluminium products to enhance the natural oxide layer resulting in an increased hardness and toughness
50
What are the positives of anodising metals ?
- tough / hardness is increased
- can also provide colour
- used in the outer casing me of torches
51
Describe the application of wax on woods
- applied with a brush or a stockinet cloth
- once dry , buffed with a lint free cloth
52
How are wax useful for woods ?
- clear ( allows the grains to be seen )
- can get a high gloss finish
- increased surface hardness and toughness
53
Describe the application of colour wash on woods
- applied with a wet sponge
54
What is the purpose of a colour wash on woods ?
- add to the aesthetic appeal of a product
- possible add a vintage style whilst allowing the colours to show
55
What is the purpose of stains ?
- add colour and enhance the grains
- used in cheaper wood to look expensive
56
How can stains be applied ?
- brush
- roller
- spray
- surface must be grease free prior to application
57
Describe the application of acrylic varnish on woods ?
- apply several thin coats
- using a brush in the direction of the grain
- using fine grade glass paper between coats
58
What type of varnish is suited for woods that are outside all year round ?
- yacht varnish
- pressure treatment
