15. Upper Airway and Laryngeal Anatomy Flashcards
Label A-F
A: Frontal sinus
B: ethmoid air cells
C: sphenoid air sinus /opening of
D: maxillary air sinus (opening of)
E: frontonasal duct
F: semi lunar hiatus
What are paranasal air sinuses? List the 4.
Air-filled extensions connected by small openings to nasal cavity. Sinus mucosa helps warm and humidify air. They lighten skull and enhance resonance. Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary air sinuses.
Label A-C
A: septal cartilage
B: perpendicular plate of ethmoid
C: vomer
What are the two openings in the eye, and where do they drain to?
Lacrimal puncta and canalicui, drain to larcrimal sac -> to nasolacrimal duct
Where is the pharyngotympanic tube and what does it do?
From tympanic cavity to nasopharynx, lined mucus membrane, equalises pressure either side of tympanic membrane, opened wider by palatine muscles - yawn/swallow. Can get blocked/swell.
Label A and B in this coronal CT scan.
A: maxillary sinus
B: ethmoid sinus
What spinal level does the common carotid split, and to what?
C4, internal carotid (doesn’t branch until brain) and external carotid (superior thyroid, ascending pharygeal, lingual, facial, occipital, maxillary, vertebral etc. branches)
What are the 5 soures of the arterial supply of the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Where do they all anastamose?
What is epistaxis?
- and 2. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (from the opthalmic artery)
- and 4. Sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery (from maxillary artery)
- Septal branch of superior labial artery (from facial artery)
The kisselbach area (most common for nose bleeds)
Bleeding from the nose
What is does this CT show?
Sinusitis - mucus accumulation. May have toothache and frontal facial pain.
Label 1-4
1: frontal sinus
2: ethmoid sinus
3: sphenoidal sinus
4: maxillary sinus
Label A-F
A: soft palate
B: uvula
C: Palatine tonsil
D: palatoglossus
E: palatopharyngeus
F: posterior wall of oropharynx
Label Waldeyer’s ring, A-D.
A: adenoid
B: tubal tonsil
C: palatine tonsil
D: lingual tonsil
What are tonsils?
What is tonsilitis? Describe what you would see.
Lymphoid tissue.
Tonsil inflammation, see white spots of exudate.
Label the parts of the pharynx
A: nasopharynx
B: oropharynx
C: laryngopharynx
D: oseophagus
How many pharynx muscles are there?
What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?
What is sensory and motor to the pharynx?
What reflex is involved with the pharynx?
3 constrictors, 3 internal
Pharyngeal plexus
Sensory IX, motor X
Gag
Label the parts of the larynx, A-G
A: hyoid: C3, free-floating bone, anchoring point
B: thyroid cartilage
C: laryngeal prominance
D: cricoid cartilage - C6, only cartilage forming complete ring around trachea
E: thyroid isthmus
F: tracheal rings
G: thyroid gland
Label the facia of the neck, A-D
What structures does B contain?
A: pretracheal fascia
B: carotid sheath
C: Prevertebral fascia
D: deep investing fascia
E: retropharyngeal space (between PTF and PVF)
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve (VIC)
Label A-C of the larynx during rest
A: vestibular fold - choking reflex
B: Rima glottidis - aperture
C: vocal fold - contain vocal ligament and vocalis muscle
Describe laryngeal innervation.
CNX splits to recurrant and superior laryngeal nerves.
The RLN responsible for voice and motor to intrinsic muscles, sensory to infraglottic cavity. Left = loops under aortic arch, Right = loops under R. subclavian artery
The SLN branches to internal and external laryngeal nerves.
ILN: sensation, cough reflex
ELN: motor, cricothyroideus, higher pitch
