Week 3 Pre-Learning: Liver Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the hepatic portal vein? (2)

A
  • Brings blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas directly to the liver
  • this blood contains products of digestion
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2
Q

Hepatic Portail Vein circulation diagram

A
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3
Q

What does the liver:
Destroy?
Metabolize?
Maintain?

A
  • Destroys bacteria in the portal blood
  • Metabolizes drugs, hormones, and toxins
  • Maintains blood glucose
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4
Q

What does the liver produce? (4)

A
  • fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL)
  • Urea
  • clotting proteins, albumin, angiotensinogen, IGF
  • Produce bile salts

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5
Q

What does the liver excrete?

A

bile salts

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6
Q

How does the liver destroy bacteria in the portal blood?

A
  • Blood from the GI tract (containing bacteria, endotoxins and microbes) flows to the liver where kupffer cells work to clean the blood
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7
Q

What are kupffer cells made up of?

A
  • macrophages
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8
Q

Which nutrients does the liver metabolize? (3)

A
  • fats
  • carbohydrates
  • protein
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9
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A
  • the liver produces bile which emulsifies fat, allowing for better absorption
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10
Q

Which 3 processes of the liver regulate blood sugar?

A
  • glycogenesis
  • glycogenolysis
  • glyconeogenesis
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11
Q

The liver breaks down ____ to be used for energy

A

proteins

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12
Q

How does the liver safely manage ammonia levels that are a toxic by-product of protein metabolism?

A
  • Converts ammonia to urea to be excreted by the kidneys
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13
Q

The liver produces albumin. What is the role of albumin? (3)

A
  1. Major plasma protein
  2. Maintains oncotic pressure in the vascular system
  3. Transports substances in the blood stream by binding to them (drugs, lipids, toxins, hormones)
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14
Q

Review: what is oncotic pressure?

A

keeps fluid in the intravascular space and keeps it from moving to interstitial space

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15
Q

How does the liver aid in metabolic detoxification? (4)

A
  • Alters medications, hormones, and other chemicals to make them less toxic
  • First pass effect
  • diminishes reabsorption and facilitates excretion
  • prevents accumulation of side effects
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16
Q

What are examples of hormones that the liver metabolizes? chemicals? (5)

A

Hormones: aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone
Chemicals: alcohol, barbiturates

17
Q

What is the hematologic function of the liver? (2)

A
  • synthesizes more clotting factors
  • vitamin K
18
Q

What is the purpose of vitamin K in the liver? (2)

A
  • fat soluble vitamin required to synthesize clotting factors
  • vitamin k absorption relies on bile production in the liver

converts coagulation factors into mature forms