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Comparative > Equine Musculoskeletal: Thoracic Limb (2) > Flashcards

Equine Musculoskeletal: Thoracic Limb (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. brachiocephalicus
  2. omotransversarius
  3. trapezius (cervical & thoracic)
  4. latissimus dorsi
  5. serratus ventralis
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2
Q

What muscle is this?

A

serratus ventralis m.

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3
Q

Horses have a _____ sternum

A

keeled

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4
Q

What is the function of the dorsal scapular ligament?

A

helps serratus ventralis m.
help extrinsic muscles keep thoracic limb in proper position

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5
Q

T/F: There is no cephalic portion of the rhomboideus in the horse

A

TRUE - only cervical and thoracic portions

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6
Q

What is the thoracic sling? It is an example of ________

A

the extrinsic muscles suspend the trunk between the forelimbs and fix the scapula
synsarcosis

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7
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. dorsal scapular ligament
  2. trapezius m.
  3. rhomboideus m.
  4. serratus ventralis m.
  5. pectoral mm.
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8
Q

What happened to this horse?

A

rupture of serratus ventralis muscle

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9
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. supraspinatus m.
  2. infraspinatus m.
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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus m.?

A

origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

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11
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus m.?

A

extend humeral joint
stabilize humeral joint

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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus m.?

A

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertions:
- superficial tendon - on the greater tubercle of humerus (infraspinatus bursa)
- deep tendon - on the caudal eminence of greater tubercle

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the deltoideus m.?

A

origin: caudal border of scapula; aponeurosis which covers infraspinatus
insertion: deltoid tuberosity

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subclavius m.?

A

origin: cranial part of the sternum closely associated to supraspinatus m.
insertion: supraspinatus muscle epimysium (outer layer of muscle)

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15
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. subclavius m.
  2. deltoideus m.
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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis m.?

A

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the teres major m.?

A

origin: caudal angle of the scapula and adjacent caudal border of scapula
insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus

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18
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. subscapularis m.
  2. teres major m.
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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii m.?

A

origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: radial tuberosity, extensor carpi radialis via lacertus fibrosus

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20
Q

What is the intertubercular bursa located in between?

A

the tendon of the origin of the biceps brachii
and the intertubercular grooves of the humerus

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21
Q

Where is the lacertus fibrosus? It is part of the _______

A

tendinous insertion of the biceps brachii on the extensor carpi radialis m.
part of the stay apparatus

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22
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. intertubercular bursa
  2. biceps brachii m.
  3. lacertus fibrosus
  4. biceps
  5. lacertus fibrosus
  6. extensor carpi radialis m.
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23
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. biceps brachii m.
  2. extensor carpi radialis m.
  3. lacertus fibrosus
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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii m.?

A

origins: long head - caudal border of scapula
> lateral head: deltoid tuberosity
> medial head: medial aspect of humerus
insertion: olecranon tuber

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25
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii m.?

A

extension of the cubital joint

26
Q

The subtendinous bursae of the triceps brachii is located between the _______ and ________. (There is also a subcutaneous bursa)

A

long head of the triceps
olecranon

27
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. long head of the triceps
  2. medial head of the triceps
  3. lateral head of the triceps
28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis m. (thoracic)?

A

origin: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus
insertion: metacarpal tuberosity

29
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis m. (thoracic)?

A

extend and fix the carpus
flex the cubital joint

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the common digital extensor m.?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: extensor process of distal phalanx and dorsal surface of proximal and middle phalanges

31
Q

What is the action of the common digital extensor m.?

A

extend the carpus and digit
flex the elbow joint

32
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate(s) both the extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor mm.?

A

radial n.

33
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis m.
  2. common digital extensor m.
34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral digital extensor m. (thoracic)?

A

origin: lateral tuberosity of the radius
> lateral collateral ligament of the elbow
insertion: dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx

35
Q

What is the action of the lateral digital extensor m. (thoracic)?

A

extend the carpus and digit

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: short tendon: accessory carpal bone
> long tendon: metacarpal bone IV

37
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

flex and abduct the carpus

38
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate(s) the extensor carpi ulnaris m. and lateral digital extensor m.?

A

radial n.

39
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. lateral digital extensor m.
  2. ulnaris lateralis m. (extensor carpi ulnaris m.)
40
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

origin: humeral head: medial epicondyle of the humerus
> ulnar head: olecranon
insertion: accessory carpal bone

41
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

flex the carpus
extend the cubital joint

42
Q

Which muscle on the thoracic limb has two heads: humeral head and ulnar head?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris m.

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris m.?

A

ulnar n.

44
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: metacarpal bone II

45
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

flex the carpus
extend the cubital joint

46
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis m.?

A

median n.

47
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. flexor carpi ulnaris m.
  2. flexor carpi radialis m.
48
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superficial digital flexor m.?

A

origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and radius (proximal accessory ligament)
insertion: flexor surfaces of proximal and middle phalanges

49
Q

What is the action of the superficial digital flexor m.?

A

flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint)
flex the carpus
extend the cubital joint

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the superficial digital flexor m>

A

ulnar n.

51
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the deep digital flexor m.?

A

origin: humeral head: medial epicondyle of the humerus (distal accessory ligament)
> ulnar head: olecranon
> radial head: radius
insertion: flexor surface of distal phalanx

52
Q

What is the action of the deep digital flexor m.?

A

flex the digit and carpus
extend the cubital joint

53
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate(s) the deep digital flexor m.?

A

median n.
ulnar n.

54
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. superficial digital flexor m.
  2. deep digital flexor m.
55
Q

T/F: The suspensory ligament flexes joints

A

FALSE - is very passive

56
Q

What is the suspensory ligament broken down into?

A

proximal
mid-body
branches
extensor branches

57
Q

The suspensory ligament is also called ______

A

interosseous muscle

58
Q

What are distal sesamoidean ligaments?

A

continuation of suspensory ligament distal to sesamoids

59
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. proximal branch
  2. mid-body branch
  3. branches
  5. extensor branches
  6. distal sesamoidean ligaments
60
Q

What is the stay apparatus?

A

involves the locking mechanism of the stifle joint and the engagement of ligaments and tendons
group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and joints
allows horses to maintain their standing posture for hours, without energy loss
joints block and avoid energy losses

61
Q

Can horses sleep standing?

A

No

Comparative (37 decks)

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