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Comparative > Special Senses [Eye] (31) - End E3 > Flashcards

Special Senses [Eye] (31) - End E3 Flashcards

Dr. Pimentel

1
Q

What is the bulbus oculi?

A

eyeball/globe - is inside the bony orbit

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2
Q

What comprises the adnexa?

A

palepbrae
conjunctiva
supraorbital fat pad
extraocular muscles
lacrimal apparatus

“people likely can’t see E.coli”

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3
Q

Compare the ruminant orbit to other species

A

ruminants: have an enlarged lacrimal bone - lacrimal bulla

have a complete bony orbit

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4
Q

The complete bony orbit of the ruminant is made of what bones?

A

zygomatic process of the frontal bone
frontal process of the zygomatic bone

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5
Q

What kind of vision do horses have? Why is it different from the cat?

A

they have binocular field of vision and have blind spots

they are prey animals

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6
Q

T/F: Horses have depth perception

A

FALSE

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7
Q

What are the poles of the eye called?

A

anterior pole
posterior pole

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8
Q

What is the function of the optic axis?

A

allows us to see movement of external muscles

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9
Q

What are the primary tunics of the eye?

A

fibrous
vascular
nervous

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10
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic?

A

cornea
sclera

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11
Q

The cornea is the most [rostral/caudal] portion of the eye

A

rostral

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12
Q

What are the parts of the vascular tunic?

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

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13
Q

What are the parts of the nervous tunic?

A

retina

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14
Q

Describe the horse sclera - composition, function, location

A

collagenous, elastic fibers

white & caudal

maintain internal pressure in the eye

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15
Q

Describe the horse cornea - composition, function, location

A

avascular structures, super sensitive

transparent & rostral

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16
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. sclera
  2. cornea
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17
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. choroid
  2. iris
  3. ciliary body
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18
Q

What is the corpora nigra?

A

the iridic granule of the iris - “black body”

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19
Q

What is the function of iridic granules?

A

act as shade from sun and reflection

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20
Q

Pupils dilating is [mydriasis/myosis], and pupils constricting is [mydriasis/myosis]

A

dilating: mydriasis

constricting: myosis

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21
Q

Horses have a [vertical/horizontal] pupil

A

horizontal

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22
Q

Where are ciliary bodies located?

A

caudal to the iris

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23
Q

What comprises the ciliary body?

A

ciliary processes
ciliary muscles

24
Q

What is the function of ciliary processes?

A

make aqueous humor

25
Q

What is the function of ciliary muscles?

A

attach to zonule fibers

26
Q

What comprises the choroid?

A

tapetum lucidum

27
Q

What is the location of the tapetum lucidum in relation to the optic disk?

A

dorsal to it

28
Q

What is the iridocorneal angle?

A

is the major pathway of aqueous humour outflow from the anterior chamber of the eye

passes through pupil to posterior chamber to scleral venous plexus

29
Q

What is the function of the lens? Its location?

A

magnifies and accommodates
- around the equator of the lens

30
Q

What is attached to the equator of the lens?

A

zonule fibers

31
Q

When the ciliary body is relaxed, zonular fibers are [relaxed/contracted]. This results in [near/far] vision, and a [round/oval] lens

A

contracted
far
oval

32
Q

When the ciliary body is contracted, zonular fibers are [relaxed/contracted]. This results in [near/far] vision, and a [round/oval] lens

A

relaxed
near
round

33
Q

What are the chambers of the eye?

A

anterior chamber
posterior chamber
vitreous chamber

34
Q

What chambers of the eye have aqueous humor?

A

posterior & anterior chambers

35
Q

Where does aqueous humor come from? Trace the pathway

A

coming from ciliary process —> pupil —> anterior chamber —> iridocorneal angle

36
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. lacrimal excretory ducts
  2. lacrimal gland
  3. orbit
37
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. superior palpebrae
  2. third palpebrae
  3. inferior palpebrae
38
Q

T/F: This is palpebral conjunctiva

A

FALSE - bulbar

39
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. palpebral conjunctiva
  2. bulbar conjunctiva
40
Q

What are the extraocular muscles?

A

dorsal rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus
ventral rectus
dorsal and ventral oblique
retractor bulbi

41
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus? Trace the pathway

A

upper & lower punctum lacrimal —> lacrimal canaliculi —> lacrimal sac —> nasolacrimal duct —> nasolacrimal orifice

42
Q

What is the lacrimal canaliculi?

A

an excretory duct

43
Q

How do you perform a perineural block of the eye?

A

block nerves sensory and motor to the orbit

44
Q

List the nerves involved in a perineural block of the eye?

A

auriculopalpebral nerve - VII
supraorbital nerve - V
lacrimal nerve - V
infratrochlear nerve - V
zygomaticofacial nerve - V

“lightning zaps abbie so infrequently” (literally idk)

45
Q

Which nerve(s) in a perineural block of the eye is motor?

A

auriculopalpebral nerve - CN VII

46
Q

Which nerve(s) in a perineural block of the eye is sensory?

A

supraorbital nerve - V
lacrimal nerve - V
zygomaticofacial nerve - V
infratrochlear nerve - V

47
Q

What area does the supraorbital nerve block in a perineural block of the eye?

A

most dorsal part of orbit

goes out of supraorbital foramen

48
Q

What area does the lacrimal nerve block in a perineural block of the eye?

A

dorsolateral part

49
Q

What area does the infratrochlear nerve block in a perineural block of the eye?

A

medial surface of orbit

50
Q

What area does the zygomaticofacial nerve block in a perineural block of the eye?

A

ventral part of orbit

51
Q

Assign nerves involved in a perineural block of the eye with the correct letters

A

A: supraorbital nerve
B: lacrimal nerve
C: infratrochlear nerve
D: zygomaticofacial nerve

52
Q

How do you perform a Peterson optic nerve block?

A

palpate caudal closure of the orbit & zygomatic arch

put needle in and go into orbitorotundum foramen

53
Q

What structure is involved in a Peterson optic nerve block?

A

orbitorotundum foramen

54
Q

What are the types of perineural nerve blocks?

A

Peterson optic nerve block
retrobulbar block

55
Q

What nerve block is this?

A

retrobulbar block - block optic nerve

Comparative (37 decks)

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