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Comparative > Urogenital I (19) > Flashcards

Urogenital I (19) Flashcards

Dr. Pimentel

1
Q

What is the pelvis formed by?

A

the os coxae:
ilium
ischium
pubis

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2
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

the opening at the brim of the pelvis where the pelvic cavity begins

the entrance to the pelvic canal, through which the reproductive, urinary, and digestive tracts pass

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3
Q

What is the terminal line?

A

the pelvic brim

formed by the cranial branch of the pubis and body of the ilium

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4
Q

The terminal line / pelvic inlet is [rounder/narrower] in a mare/cow and is [rounder/narrower] in a stallion

A

mare/cow: rounder

stallion: narrower

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5
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the opening at the bottom of the pelvis through which the pelvic canal terminates

it is bounded by the pelvic bones and is situated below the pelvic inlet

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6
Q

What do you see if you see the pelvic outlet from the outside?

A

anus
tail
etc

look at right part of picture

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7
Q

The ventral part of the pelvic outlet is formed by ________

A

R & L ischial bones

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8
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. sacrotuberous ligament (lateral sides)
  2. pelvic cavity
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9
Q

What is the sacroiliac ligament made of?

A

modified synovial
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
supporting ligaments

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10
Q

The sacroiliac joint is the [dorsal/ventral] part of the pelvic inlet

A

dorsal

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11
Q

What ligaments support the sacroiliac joint?

A

dorsal sacroiliac ligaments
ventral sacroiliac ligaments
interosseous ligament

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12
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. dorsal sacroiliac ligament
  2. interosseous ligament
  3. ventral sacroiliac ligament
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13
Q

What structure is this?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

(goes to ischiatic tuberosity)

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14
Q

What structure is this?

A

sacrosciatic ligament

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15
Q

What is the sacrotuberale latum, or sacrosciatic ligament?

A

lateral sacrum to ilium and ischium

has two notches: greater and lesser ischiatic notches

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16
Q

What does the greater ischiatic notch house? It is more [cranial/caudal] than the lesser ischiatic notch

A

cranial gluteal a.
lumbosacral trunk

cranial

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17
Q

What does the lesser ischiatic notch house? It is more [cranial/caudal] than the greater ischiatic notch

A

tendon of internal obturator in a horse

caudal

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18
Q

This is the [greater/lesser] ischiatic notch. How do you know?

A

greater

can see the lumbosacral trunk coming out of it

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19
Q

What organs comprise the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

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20
Q

The _____ is the only urinary structure to change between sexes

A

urethra

21
Q

The kidneys are in the _____ space, and in cats and ______, the [right/left] kidney is pendulous

A

retroperitoneal

ruminants

left

22
Q

Which species have kidneys in a straight line? What normally is the position of the kidneys?

A

pigs

right is usually more cranial — “left kidney gets left behind”

23
Q

What are the kidneys covered in?

A

perinephric fat

fibrous capsule

24
Q

What is special about the horse adrenal glands?

A

adrenal glands are found more medially

generally CRANIAL

25
Q

Which species has/have lobulated kidneys?

A

bovine

26
Q

The horse [right/left] kidney is heart-shaped

A

right

27
Q

The kidney is divided into two main parts: the ____ and ______

A

cortex: outer

medulla: inner

28
Q

What structures are in the cortex?

A

renal corpuscles

convoluted tubules

29
Q

What structures are in the medulla?

A

long loops of Henle

collecting ducts

30
Q

What does unipapillary mean? Which species?

A

end of each pyramid has papilla

joins to make one renal crest

carnivore, horse, small ruminant

31
Q

What does multipapillary mean? Which species?

A

have a lobule, act as isolated kidney
- each lobe has a cortex
- each lobe has a pyramid

32
Q

Describe the equine kidneys

A

unipapillary with renal crest

terminal recesses

pelvis renalis mucus glands - lots of mucus so urine has white-ish appearance

33
Q

Label 1-5 on the equine kidney

A
  1. renal crest
  2. terminal recesses
  3. renal pelvis
  4. ureters
  5. renal pyramids
34
Q

What are the mucus glands of the equine kidney called? What does it do?

A

pelvis renalis mucus glands

lots of mucus which turns urine more white

35
Q

Where do you find the right equine kidney? You can find them [transcutaneously/rectally/both]

A

located ventral to the last two or three ribs and first lumbar transverse processes

transcutaneously

36
Q

Where do you find the left equine kidney? You can find them [transcutaneously/rectally/both]

A

located ventral to the last rib and first 2-3 lumbar processes

both! - left kidney is “left behind” so would make sense it would be easier to feel rectally than the right

37
Q

You can find the [right/left] kidney in the paralumbar fossa on its respective side

A

left

38
Q

The [right/left] bovine kidney is elliptical, flattened, and has two faces

A

right

39
Q

Describe the left bovine kidney

A

more voluminous towards the caudal pole

pointed cranially

twisted caudally and with three faces

displaced to the right because it is pendulous!

40
Q

The [right/left] bovine kidney has 3 faces, and the [right/left] bovine kidney has 2 faces

A

left
right

41
Q

Regarding the kidneys, pigs and bovine have ________

A

separate renal papillae

42
Q

Regarding the kidneys, the ox does not have a ______, but only ______

A

renal pelvis

only major and minor calices

43
Q

The [major/minor] calices of the ox kidneys makes the “renal pelvis”

A

major

44
Q

The urinary bladder is in the _____ space.

A

retroperitoneal

45
Q

The urinary bladder is in the ______ when full and the ______ when empty

A

full: umbilical region

empty: pelvic cavity

46
Q

What are the ligaments of the bladder?

A

median ligament

2 lateral ligaments

47
Q

What parts of the urinary bladder is more mobile? Stationary?

A

mobile: body and apex

stationary: neck —> take urine here!

48
Q

Describe the male urethra. The bovine urethra has a _______ specifically

A

portion of urethra is inside pelvic cavity, other part external

longer than female urethra

bovine: has a sigmoid flexure

49
Q

Describe the female urethra

A

only have a pelvic urethra

short and wide

Comparative (37 decks)

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