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Comparative > Avian Comparative Anatomy (32-33) > Flashcards

Avian Comparative Anatomy (32-33) Flashcards

Dr. Nader Also, sorry if this deck isn't as good as others since I know most of this already and am only adding it for others to study it.

1
Q

What is the order for waterfowl?

A

anseriformes

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2
Q

What is included in the order galliformes?

A

chickens
turkeys
pheasants

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3
Q

What are the orders for raptors?

A

falconiformes
stridiformes

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4
Q

What are the types of feathers?

A

tail (retrices)
flight
semiplume
filoplume
bristle
downy

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5
Q

How does an asymmetrical feather allow for flight?

A

smaller part of vane: smaller surface area —> leading edge

thicker part of vane: greater surface area —> trailing edge

Flight feathers act as an air foil, which means that air rushes faster over the top of the feather (leading edge) than the trailing edge which creates lift

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6
Q

What are the functions of feathers?

A

flight
thermoregulation
sexual dimorphism
protection

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7
Q

What is the microanatomy of a feather?

A

barb
barbules
hooklets

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8
Q

What are the flight feather types?

A

primaries
secondaries
alula

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9
Q

Where do primary feathers attach?

A

manus

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10
Q

Where do secondary feathers attach?

A

antebrachium and brachium (trailing edge)

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11
Q

What is the function of the alula?

A

prevent stalling in flight

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12
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. alula
  2. primaries
  3. secondaries
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13
Q

Is this a right or left feather? What kind?

A

left

primary feather (flight)

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14
Q

How many digits does a bird have on each manus?

A

3

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15
Q

What is the word for fused vertebrae in the avian?

A

notarium

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16
Q

What is the synsacrum?

A

fused hip bones and sacral vertebrae

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17
Q

What is the pygostyle?

A

fused caudal vertebrae

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18
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. clavicle
  2. coracoid
  3. metatarsal
  4. pygostyle
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19
Q

What are the anatomical features of the avian skull?

A

fusion of skull bony structures
single occipital condyle

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20
Q

What accounts for the kinetic movement of the beak?

A

dorsal beak: rhinotheca
ventral beak: gnathotheca
quadrate bone
palatine bone

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21
Q

What is the only bone of the internal ear in the bird?

A

stapes

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22
Q

What bones is the triosseal canal made of in the avian?

A

scapula
coracoid
furcula

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23
Q

What passes through the triosseal canal?

A

tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle

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24
Q

Where does the supracoracoideus m. attach? Its function?

A

proximal tubercle of humerus

upstroke of the wing

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25
Q

The pectoralis m. of the avian is responsible for the ____ of the wing. Where does it attach?

A

downstroke

ventral-lateral aspect of keeled sternum

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26
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. supracoracoideus
  2. pectoralis m.
  3. keeled sternum
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27
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. supracoracoideus m.
  2. pectoralis m.
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28
Q

What are the “chicken strips” of the bird?

A

supracoracoideus m.

29
Q

In avian species, aortic arch #____ becomes the aorta branching to the [right/left] side

A

4

right (mammals are left!)

30
Q

T/F: Avian blood flow through the heart is similar to that of mammals

A

TRUE

31
Q

Why is the avian renal portal system important when giving medications?

A

medications excreted by the kidneys when injected in pelvic limbs or caudal muscle masses is dangerous due to ischiatic nerve

32
Q

Where does the ischiatic nerve pass in the bird?

A

passes dorsally to kidney tissue within ventral recess of synsacrum

33
Q

The ischiatic nerve is subject to trauma and impact when _______ is present

A

kidney disease

34
Q

What is this?

A

ischiatic nerve

35
Q

What are the venipuncture sites on the bird?

A

jugular vein
medial ulnar veins
medial metatarsal vein
dorsal vertebral vein - located midline proximal to pygostyle

36
Q

The jugular vein on a bird is easier to take on the [right/left] side of the bird because it is larger

A

right

37
Q

Where should you NOT take blood on a bird?

A

digital vein via toe claw clipping

38
Q

What vein are these people drawing blood from?

A

medial ulnar vein - need 2 person restraint

39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the avian wing?

A

brachial vein

40
Q

In a psittacine patient, where else distally is a venipuncture site?

A

medial metatarsal veins

41
Q

What order of birds does NOT have any cecum?

A

psittacine

42
Q

The only body cavity of the avian is called the _____

A

coelomic cavity

NO true thoracic or abdominal cavities

43
Q

T/F: Birds have a diaphragm
If false, correct it

A

FALSE - have a horizontal septum

44
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. esophagus
  2. crop
  3. proventriculus
  4. gizzard
  5. duodenal loops
  6. pancreas
  7. liver
45
Q

Label 8-13

A
  1. gallbladder
  2. spleen
  3. small intestine
  4. ceca
  5. large intestine
  6. cloaca
46
Q

T/F: This bird is a psittacine

A

FALSE - has 2 ceci!

47
Q

What lines the proventriculus and ventriculus (gizzard)?

A

kaolin

48
Q

What is Merkel’s diverticulum?

A

yolk sac remnant (#6)

49
Q

What is the coprodeum?

A

receives feces from the GI tract

50
Q

What is the urodeum?

A

receives urates from kidneys and either eggs or sperm from the reproductive tract

51
Q

What is the proctodeum?

A

common region

52
Q

What is part of the avian nasal cavity?

A

dorsal concha
middle concha
ventral concha

53
Q

What is the split hard palate of the bird called?

A

choanal slit

54
Q

T/F: Birds have complete, and often ossified, tracheal rings

A

TRUE

55
Q

What is the name of sound production organ of the bird?

A

syrinx (#3)

56
Q

Describe the location of the syrinx

A

in the center of the trachea

57
Q

Instead of a diaphragm, birds have a _______

A

horizontal septum

58
Q

What is this?

A

horizontal septum

59
Q

Trace the path of air in birds

A

Abdominal and posterior sac fill first (caudal sacs) - inspiration

Air moves into parabronchials (lungs) - expiration

Then into anterior and interclavicular sacs (cranial sacs) - inspiration 2

Then out through trachea - expiration 2

60
Q

What are the parts of the hen reproductive tract?

A

ovaries
infundibulum
magnum
uterus (shell gland)
vagina
urodeum, cloaca

61
Q

Label 1-8

A
  1. small ova
  2. mature ovum
  3. infundibulum
  4. incomplete egg
  5. rudimentary right oviduct
  6. cloaca
  7. vagina
  8. uterus
62
Q

What are the parts of the rooster reproductive tract?

A

testes
ductus deferens
urodeum
cloaca

63
Q

The avian brain displays the ______

A

lissencephalia

64
Q

The avian eye possesses _____ bones

A

scleral

65
Q

What is this?

A

scleral ossicle ring

66
Q

What kinds of colors can birds see? It is called _____

A

red
green
blue
ultraviolet

tetrachromacy

67
Q

What provides nutritional support to the eye? Which specific part?

A

pecten oculi

retina

68
Q

T/F: Most avian species have limited binocular vision

A

TRUE

Comparative (37 decks)

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