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Comparative > Equine Thorax & Abdomen Osteology & Myology (8) > Flashcards

Equine Thorax & Abdomen Osteology & Myology (8) Flashcards

1
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. hip bone with tuber coxae
  2. withers
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2
Q

What is the vertebral formula of the horse?

A

C-7
T-18
L 5-6
S-5
Cd 15-21

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3
Q

What is the anticlinal vertebra?

A

T-16
the spinous process is perpendicular to the body and the preceding vertebrae incline caudally

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4
Q

What is the withers vertebrae?

A

T2-T12

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5
Q

Horses have _____ pairs of ribs

A

18

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6
Q

How many sternal ribs do horses have? Asternal? Floating?

A

sternal: 8
asternal: 10
+/- 1 floating

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7
Q

Horses have _____ sternebrae

A

7

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8
Q

What does the cranial costal fovea do?

A

articulate head of the rib into socket

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9
Q

Spinal nerves come out of the ______

A

spinal canal

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10
Q

Label 1-12 (sorry lol)

A
  1. spinous processes
  2. cranial articular surface
  3. vertebral foramen
  4. body
  5. transverse process
  6. costal fovea of transverse process
  7. cranial articular process
  8. cranial costal fovea
  9. caudal articular process
  10. lateral vertebral foramen
  11. caudal costal fovea
  12. body
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11
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. spinous process
  2. caudal articular surface
  3. vertebral foramen
  4. caudal costal fovea
  5. body
  6. transverse process
  7. ventral crest
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12
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. foramen for blood vessel
  2. lateral vertebral foramen
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13
Q

A horse is experiencing back pain and was radiographed. What is a likely prognosis?

A

“kissing spines”

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14
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. supraspinous bursa
  2. nuchal ligament
  3. supraspinous ligament
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15
Q

Where is the supraspinous bursa located? Ligament?

A

above spinal processes of 1st few vertebrae of thoracic region
ligament: spans dorsal spinous processes

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16
Q

What happens with “fistulus withers”?

A

infected supravertebral bursa

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17
Q

What is this structure?

A

nuchal ligament: laminae portion
bilaterally symmetrical

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the serratus ventralis m.?

A

origin: cervical vertebrae 3-7 and first 8/9 ribs
insertion: serrated faces of scapula

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19
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. serratus ventralis m.
  2. rectus thoracis m.
20
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the rectus thoracis m.?

A

origin: first rib
insertion: cartilage of first rib

21
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the serratus dorsalis cranialis m.?

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: ribs 8-11

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the serratus dorsalis caudalis m.?

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: last 7 or 8 ribs

23
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. serratus dorsalis cranialis
  2. serratus dorsalis caudalis
24
Q

External intercostal muscles run [cranioventrally/craniodorsally/caudoventrally/caudodorsally]

A

caudoventrally

25
Q

Internal intercostal muscles run [cranioventrally/craniodorsally/caudoventrally/caudodorsally]

A

cranioventrally

26
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. external intercostal m.
  2. internal intercostal m.
27
Q

What is the origin and insertion for external abdominal oblique m.?

A

origin: 4-18th ribs; thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: linea alba, prepubic tendon, coxal tuber

28
Q

External abdominal oblique fibers run [cranioventrally/craniodorsally/caudoventrally/caudodorsally]

A

caudoventrally

29
Q

What structure is this?

A

tunica flava abdominis

30
Q

A horse is having difficulty breathing and is breathing excessively. Which muscles are at play here?

A

exerting external intercostal and external abdominal oblique muscles
can get breathing lines like this from diseases like pneumonia

31
Q

What are the 3 main epaxial groups?

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
transversospinalis

32
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. longissimus muscle of the head
  2. longissimus muscle of atlas
  3. longissimus muscle of thorax
  4. iliocostal muscle of the thorax
33
Q

A T-bone steak is what muscles?

A

longissimus m. & transversospinalis

34
Q

Label 1-8. What kind of vertebrae is this?

A
  1. mammillary process
  2. cranial articular process
  3. cranial vertebral notch
  4. spinous process
  5. caudal articular process
  6. caudal vertebral notch
  7. transverse process
  8. body
    lumbar
35
Q

In the horse, L__ and L___ articulate with each other

A

L5
L6

36
Q

L__ articulates with the wings of the sacrum

A

L6

37
Q

Where do you place an epidural anesthetic needle in the horse?

A

between most caudal lumbar vertebrae (L6) and cranial aspect of sacrum
put in epidural space (put in meninges)

38
Q

Internal abdominal oblique m are [cranioventrally/craniodorsally/caudoventrally/caudodorsally]

A

cranioventral

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal abdominal oblique m.?

A

origin: coxal tuber & adjacent inguinal ligament
insertion: last 4-5 ribs, linea & prepubic tendon

40
Q

What muscle is this?

A

internal abdominal oblique m.

41
Q

What are the abdominal muscles?

A

external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis m.
rectus abdominis m.

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the transversus abdominis m.?

A

origin: ventral ends or cartilages of asternal ribs and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: xiphoid cartilage and linea alba

43
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. transversus abdominis m. - dorsoventral fibers
  2. rectus abdominis m.
44
Q

What is the origin and insertion for rectus abdominis m.?

A

origin: sternum and cartilages of the 4th/5th to 9th ribs
insertion: prepubic tendon

45
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. prepubic tendon
  2. external superficial inguinal ring
  3. inguinal ligament
  4. accessory ligament
46
Q

What are the borders of the paralumbar fossa?

A

dorsal: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, epaxial m.
caudodorsal: tuber coxae
cranioventral: rib #18
caudoventral: flank cord

47
Q

Label 1-7

A
  1. transverse processes & lumbar mm.
  2. rib #18
  3. paralumbar fossa
  4. flank fold
  5. flank
  6. flank cord
  7. coxal tuber

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