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Pharmacology > Old dont studyAntiinflammatory, Antiarthritis, immune modulators and vaccines > Flashcards

Old dont studyAntiinflammatory, Antiarthritis, immune modulators and vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

What are anti-inflammatory agents that block or alter inflammatory process?

A

-NSAID’s
-Salicylates
-Anti-Arthritis

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2
Q

What can be other inflammatory agents?

A

-Steroids
-Antihistamines, which block the release of histamine in response to antigen

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3
Q

What do prostaglandins do ?

A

When our body is exposed to intruders prostaglandins are exposed and set off the inflammatory response
-Help increase blood flow to kidneys and helps increase clotting

-Mediate pain-sensitizing pain receptors
-Induce inflammation by vasodilation(bringing more blood in)
-GI inhibits acid secretion
-renal protection with perfusion and functions
-Involved with regulating platelet aggregation

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4
Q

What is the generic name and brand names for NSAIDS?

A

Generic name: ibuprofen(generic name)
Brand name: Motrin, Advil

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5
Q

What si the therapeutic actions for NSAIDS?

A

NSAIDS block two enzymes needed for prostaglandins synthesis and inflammation response

If prostaglandins are blocked they can’t help with inflammatory response
-Strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects, antipyretic

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6
Q

What is are the two enzymes needed for prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation response?

A

COX 1: Needed for blood clotting, stomach protection, sodium/water balance in kidney
COX 2: Active when more prostaglandin are needed,thought to block vasodilation, found at site of injury

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7
Q

What is a list for NSAIDS?

A

Ibuprofen(Know this one mostly!)
Indomethacin
Nabumetone
Ketorolac
naproxen

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8
Q

What does cross sensitivity mean?

A

If you have an allergic reaction to a drug class you may have another allergic reaction to another drug class? DOUBLE CHECK

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9
Q

What are adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

-Bleeding
-Stomach ulcers
-Fluid retention

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10
Q

Who shouldn’t NSAIDS be given to?

A

-People with allergy to salicylates , NSAIDs
-Celecoxib(Celebrex) cross sensiticy with sulfonamides
-Cardiac disease and HTN because due to fluid retention it will cause bp to go up and extra fluid will effects people with cardiac issues
-Bleeding disorders like thrombocytopenia(decrease in platlets) If they are given to someone who is already at risk it will increase their risk

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11
Q

Who should be caution with when Giving NSAID’s?

A

Can give it to the following but should be cautious because there could be a risk
-Pregnancy/lactation
-Renal/hepatic disease

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12
Q

What are drug -drug interactions to be careful about ?

A

-Decrease diuretic effect when taken with loop diuretics
-Decrease HTN effect when combined with beta blockers
-Caution with lithium
-Potentiate opiods

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13
Q

What is salicylates also known as?

A

ASA, Aspirin, Ecotrin

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic action of Salicylates ?

A

Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins

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15
Q

What are indications of salicylates? (What do they do)

A

-Antipyretic ( Acts on hypothalamus)
-Analgesic( medications that relieve pain)
-Anti-inflammatory
-inhibits platlets aggregation

Pharmacokinetics
-Absorbed quickly

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16
Q

What are adverse affects of salicylates?

A

-Ototoxicity/ Tinnitus
-GI: nausea, heartburn, epigastric, discomfort
-Bleeding
-Salicylism

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17
Q

What are contra/ cautions when taking salicylates?

A

-Allergy to salicylates, NSAIDs or tatrazine
-Bleeding abnormalities
-Impair renal function
-Surgery within one week
-Viral influenza/chicken pox in children/ adolescents (reyes syndrome) can lead to permanent brain damage
-Pregnancy/ lactation

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18
Q

What are drug- drug interactions of Salicylates ?

A

Anti-coag use

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19
Q

What is acetaminophen also known as?

A

Tylenol

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20
Q

What is the therapeutic action of acetaminophen ?

A

Acts on the hypothalamus
mild to moderate pain relief and reduction of fever and is not a anti-inflammatory

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21
Q

What is the adverse effecrs of tylenol?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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22
Q

What are are the contra to acetaminophen?

A

Allergy to acetaminophen

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23
Q

What are cautions you have when taking acetaminophen?

A

-Pregnancy/lactation
-Hepatic dysfunction/chronic ETOH. (should not take 3-4 grams a day)

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24
Q

What is apart of the Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?

A

There are many drugs in this category but it’s important to know
-Etanercept(Enbrel)

25
Q

What is the therapeutic actions of “Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?”

A

-Neutralizing the immune system
-Depress overactive immune system, decrease inflammation, stop disease progression

26
Q

What are adverse effects of “Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?”

A

It has a black box warning that mentions
Fatal infections: Lymphomas/ other cancers

27
Q

What are contras of “Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?”

A

Allergy
-Active infection (wont be able to fight it off)
-Pregnancy/ lactation

28
Q

What are cautions for “Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?”

A

-Liver/renal( metabolism/ excretion)
-Bone marrow suppression (Follow labs/follow cbc
-Various CNS effects
-Monitor for worsening of demyelinating disorders (MS)
-Monitor for worensing of demyelinating disorders(MS)

29
Q

What are drug to drug issues when dealing with “Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?”

A

No live vaccines (immune system wouldn’t be able to fight it off”

30
Q

What should you assess with
Antiinflmmatory
Antuarthritis
“Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs?

A

Co-morbidiites (anything would make me cautious)
-Allergies
-Pain
-Ability to perform ADL
-Baseline labs
-Medication use

31
Q

what are nursing diagnoses for NSAIDS, salicylates?

A

Risk for bleeding
-acute pain r/t to GI effects

32
Q

What are nursing diagnosis for DMARDS?

A

Risk for infection
Acute pain r/t GI effects

33
Q

What are nursing implementations for NSAIDS, DMARDS, and anti arthritis?

A

-Teaching signs of GI bleeding
-Administer with food (decrease GI distress)
-Salicytes Not to be given to children
-DO not chew/crush enteric coated tablets
-Monitor labortory results: Like renal and hepatic functions
and PLT<HCT,WBC

34
Q

What are immune modulators?

A

Used to modify actions of the immune system

35
Q

What are immunes stimulates?

A

They basically excite the immune system
-Interferons
-Interleukins

36
Q

What are immune suppressants?

A

-T and B cell suppressants
-Monoclonal antibodies

37
Q

***Immune modulator suppressants
What are Cyclosporine(sandimmune)

A

-Usually used with steroids
-Therapeutic action is T and B cell suppressors
-Usually used post transplant with renal, hepatic, and cardiac, so it doesn’t reject the new organ

38
Q

What are adverse effects of immune modulators suppressants ?

A

-Infection
-Development of neroplasms
n/v, anorexia, bone marrow supression

39
Q

What are contra of immune modulators suppresants?

A

Allergy to drug or components
-pregnancy/lactation

40
Q

What are cautions when taking immune modulators suppresants?

A

Renal/hepatic impairment
malignancy

41
Q

What are life span considerations when taking immune modulators suppressants?

A

Children
-Cyclosporine used with caution
Monitor bloods, GI, renal effects

Adults /Older adult
-Baseline and ongoing renal, hepatic, cardiac studies
-Monitor for hypertension
-Avoid others with active viral infections

42
Q

What are nursing diagnosis for immune modulators?

A

Risk for infection related to immune suppression

43
Q

What are implementations that can happen with people who are using immune modulators?

A

-Educate barrie contraception
-Follow blood work as treatment proceeds
-Monitor for HTN,renal,liver and cardiac compromise
-Educate signs and symptoms of infection
-Teach proper drug administration
-Pre-medicate with acetaminophen to reduce flu like symptoms

44
Q

What is immunization?

A

-Process of stimulating immunity by exposure to weakened proteins (antigens) of a specific disease

45
Q

**What was the first vaccine to prevent cancer?

A

Gardisil
Effect against HPV types 16 and 18 (cervical cancer)
-Effective against type 6 and 11( genital warts)
Does not provide protection if patient already infected with one of the HPV strains

46
Q

What are adverse effects of vaccines?

A

-Pain
-Redness
-Swelling at injection site
-Occasional syncopal episodes

46
Q

What should you assess wiyj vaccines?

A

Acute illness, immunodeficiency
-allergies
-physical assessment of skin, vital signs, ROM of extremity

46
Q

What are contras for vaccine?

A

Immune deficiency
-Pregnancy and lactation
-Known allergies to vaccine or components

46
Q

What is nursing diagnosis for vaccines?

A

acute pain related to injection

47
Q

What is the therapeutic action of immune globulin?

A

-Method is to provide passive immunity providing preformed antibodies to a specific antigen
-Immune sera contains antibodies to specific bacteria, virus and venom

47
Q

**Immune sera
What is immune globulin?

A

Plasma pooled from multiple donor blood

48
Q

What is the indication of immune sera? (who used them? and what is the therapeutic actions ?

A

Used as prophylaxis or to lessen reaction to specific disease after exposure

-Method to provide passive immunity providing preformed antibodies to specific antigen
-Immune sera – contain antibodies to specific bacteria, virus and venom

49
Q

What are adverse effects to Immune sera?

A

-Fever, rash,chest tightess
-Local reactions at injection site

50
Q

What are contras of immune sera?

A

History of reaction

51
Q

What are cautions of Immune sera?

A

-Pregnancy
-Thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders

52
Q

What are drug to drug reactions for immune sera?

A

Any immune suppressant drug

53
Q

What is nursing diagnosis with immune sera?

A

Acute pain related to injection

54
Q

What to assess for immune sera?

A

-Allergies exposure to serum
-pregnancy status
-Physical assement with skin and vital signs

Pharmacology (39 decks)

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