Chapt 26. Opiod agnosits, o antagnoist

Question 1

What is nociceptive?

Answer 1

Caused by direct stimulus to pain receptor

Question 2

What is neuropathic ?

Answer 2

Cause by severe injury

Question 3

What is therapeutic actions with opioid agonists ?

Answer 3

Opioid analgesics (agonist( receive pain by binding to opioid receptors in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissue
-Inhibiting transmission of pain signal from peripheral tissues to the brain
-Reducing the perception of pain sensation in the brain
-Producing sedation
-Decreasing anxiety associated with pain

Question 4

What are indications of Opioid agonist?

Answer 4

-Pain relief
-Antitussive
- adjuncts to general anthesia

Question 5

What are pharmaco kinetics of Opioid agonist?

Answer 5

-Most schedule ll
-vary based on narcotic

Question 6

What are contras/cautions when giving opiod agonists?

Answer 6

-Liver or renal dysfunction
-Respiratory dysfunction and lung disease
-Prostatic hypertrophy
-ICP, head injury
-Hypersensitive(allergies to narcotic)

Question 7

What are adverse effects of opioid agonists?

Answer 7

-Respiratory depression
-Decreased Gi, constipation and could lead to fecal impaction
-Urinary retention
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Sedation
-depressed cough
-Pinpoint pupils
-Tolerance and dependence
-Withdrawal symptoms
-Drug potentiation

Question 8

What is pentazocine (Talwin)?

Answer 8

OPIOID AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS

Question 9

What is the therapeutic action of pentazocine (Talwin)?

Answer 9

Opioid agonist-antagonist
Stimulate certain opioid receptors but block others

Question 10

What are indications of pentazocine (Talwin)?

Answer 10

Opioid Agonist-Antagonist
Relief moderate pain, adjucts to anesthesia, relief of pain during labor and delivery

Question 11

What are cautions with pentazocine (Talwin)?

Answer 11

Opiod agonist-Antagonist
Cardiac dz-> may lead to arrhythmias, HTN, Angina

Question 12

What is naloxone(Narcan)?

Answer 12

Opioid antagonist

Question 13

What is therapeutic action of naloxone(narcan)?

Answer 13

Opioid antagonist
Compete with opioid binding with receptors or displace opioid already occupying sites

are drugs that bind strongly to opioid receptors but do not activate them.

Question 14

What are indications of naloxone (narcan)?

Answer 14

Opioid Antagonists
-Reverse block analgesia
-CNS and respiratory depression and other physiological effects of opioid agonists and opioid overdose

Question 15

What is pharmacokinetics Opioid antagonist/ naloxone?

Answer 15

-Therapeutic effects occur in minutes and last 1-2 hours

Question 16

What can cause migraines?

Answer 16

-Believed to be vasodilation, causing sensitivity of nerve endings supplying the artery
-Reason for vasodilation not understood, possible link with hormone, sierotiinin and chemicals

Question 17

What is ergotamine (Ergomar)?

Answer 17

-ergot derivatives -
Antimigraine

Question 18

Describe ergotamine (Ergomar)?

Answer 18

Ergot derivatives
Antimigraine
-cause constriction of cranial blood vessels, reduce hyperperfusion of basilar artery bed
-Mainstay of migraine treatment prior to triptans
-Indicated for prevention of migraines
Caution: may cause systemic vasoconstriction

Question 19

What is Sumatriptan(lmitrex)?

Answer 19

Triptans
Antimigraine
-bind to serotonin receptors  causing vasoconstriction
-used for acute migraines, not preventative
-Cause CNS vasoconstriction, not as many systemic effects