General and local anesthetics chapter 27

Question 1

What is Anesthetics?

Answer 1

Drugs used to cause partial or complete loss of sensation

Question 2

What is General anesthetics?

Answer 2

CNS depressant  loss of sensation and LOC

Question 3

What is local anesethtics?

Answer 3

Loss of sensation in specific area without systemic effect

Question 4

Describe the combinations that makes general anesthesia work

Answer 4

-Analgesia( Loss of pain sensation)
Unconsciousness
-Amnesia-inability to recall
-Blocking of physical reflexes that may interfere with surgery-

Question 5

Describe balance anesthesia work?

Answer 5

drugs combined to produce the best effect with minimal amount of medication
Pre-op meds  decrease secretions, prevent bradycardia
Sedative-hypnotics  relax pt, decrease SNS stimulation
Anti-emetic  as GI slows can cause N/V. No eating before surgery!
Antihistamine  dry secretions, decrease chance of allergic reaction
Opioids  analgesic and sedation

Question 6

What is methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 6

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Causes CNS depression

Question 7

What is therapeutic actions of methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 7

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Causes CNS depression

Question 8

What is indications of methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 8

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Induce rapid anesthesia

Question 9

What is pharmacokinetics of methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 9

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Rapid acting (10-30 secs); short recovery

Question 10

What are adverse effects of methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 10

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
r/t suppression of CNS
Post-op n/v

Question 11

What are contras/cautions with methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 11

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Pregnancy, unless necessary

Question 12

What are drug interactions with methohexital (Brevital) ?

Answer 12

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

-Synergistic with other CNS suppressants

-Decrease effectiveness of many medications:
Anti-coags, beta-blockers, oral contraceptives

Question 13

What is midazolam(versed)?

Answer 13

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Question 14

What is therapeutic actions of midazolam(versed)?

Answer 14

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Acts in RAS and limbic system

Question 15

What is indications of midazolam(versed)?

Answer 15

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Potent amnesiac
Utilized for diagnostic procedures as well as surgery

Question 16

What is pharmacokinetics of midazolam(versed)?

Answer 16

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Rapid onset (1-5 minutes)

Question 17

What are adverse effects of. midazolam(versed)?

Answer 17

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
r/t CNS suppression
*resp suppression
N/V

Question 18

What are contras/cautions w midazolam(versed)?

Answer 18

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

have intubation equipment ready

Question 19

What are drug interactions with w/ midazolam(versed)?

Answer 19

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Over sedation with concurrent meds

Question 20

What is nitrate oxide?

Answer 20

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

Question 21

What are therapeutic actions of Nitrate oxide

Answer 21

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
Inhaled  bronchi  capillaries  blood system  brain
CNS depression

Question 22

What are indications of nitrate oxide?

Answer 22

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

Induction and maintenance

Question 23

What are phramacokinetics of nitrate oxide?

Answer 23

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
nitrous oxide: weakest and least toxic of gases
Rapid onset (1-2 minutes)

Question 24

What are adverse affects of nitrate oxide?

Answer 24

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

Acute sinus, middle-ear pain, abd. They like to put pressure in the area. Gases can accumulate and make cause bowel compression

Question 25

What are contras/cautious of Nitrate oxide?

Answer 25

Pregnancy
Lactation
Blocks oxygen uptake  post op-hypoxia (administer O2, monitor s/s)

Question 26

What is desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 26

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Question 27

What is the therapeutic action of desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 27

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Liquids unstable at room temperature, release gas

Question 28

What is indications desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 28

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Induction and maintenance

Question 29

What is pharmacokinetics with desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 29

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Rapid acting (1-2 minutes) and recovery

Question 30

What are adverse affects of desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 30

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Respiratory reactions

Question 31

What are contras/cautions with desflurane (Suprane)?

Answer 31

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

h/o respiratory problems
Pregnancy/lactation

Question 32

What is lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm?

Answer 32

Local anesthetics

Question 33

What is therapeutuc actions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

Answer 33

Local anesthetics
Temporarily interrupts conduction of nerve impulses

Question 34

What are indications of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

Answer 34

Local anesthetics
Peripheral nerve block, spinal anesthesia, local pain relief

Question 35

What are pharmacokinetics of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

Answer 35

Local anesthetics
Onset: 5-15 mins
Duration: 30-90mins

Question 36

What are adverse effects of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

Answer 36

Local anesthetics
r/t blocking of sensation

Question 37

What are contras/cautions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

Answer 37

Local anesthetics

Allergy
Heart block
Monitor for systemic effects
CNS, Cardiac arrhythmias
Critical that effects be limited to specific area of the body