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Virology > Viral Diseases of Ruminants II (13) > Flashcards

Viral Diseases of Ruminants II (13) Flashcards

1
Q

What class is bovine viral diarrhea classified as?

A

flaviviruses
genus pestivirus

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2
Q

What are properties of flaviviruses?

A

unstable in environment
wide range of systemic clinical presentations most importantly encephalitis
many serotypes
diagnosis ELISA, PCR, virus isolation
transmission by arthropods and direct contact (pestiviruses)

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3
Q

What is BVD? It is classified as a _____ disease

A

spreads by contact and most secretions/excretions contain virus
vaccines widely used
respiratory

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4
Q

T/F: There is no vaccine for BVD

A

false - widely used

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5
Q

These oral lesions are common in what disease?

A

BVD

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6
Q

What are clinical signs of BVD?

A

acute infection
usually subclinical
diarrhea
depression
oculonasal discharge
anorexia
decreased milk production
oral ulceration
pyrexia
leukopenia
respiratory

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7
Q

Gut lesions in BVD/mucosal disease involves depletion of ______ and _______

A

Peyer’s patch
ulcerations

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8
Q

How is BVD transmitted?

A

vertical and horizontal transmission

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9
Q

What does transiently infected with BVD mean?

A

typically adult animals
infection lasts 10-14 days - animals become less productive
shed relatively low amounts of the virus
animals develop long-standing immunity after they recover

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10
Q

What does persistently infected with BVD mean?

A

calves born to dams that became infected at 30-110 days of pregnancy
infection lasts for life
- some will be poor-doers and self-cull
- some will appear healthy
shed high amounts of the virus for their entire life

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11
Q

T/F: An abortion can occur with those infected with BVD

A

TRUE

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12
Q

T/F: A non-vaccinated or immunocompromised cattle can become infected when exposed to a PI calf (70-100%)

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Define congenital BVD symptoms

A

mainly neurologic
cerebellar hypoplasia
spastic or dummy calf
cataracts, poor doers, microphthalmia

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14
Q

Some persistently infected animals of BVD [will/will not] give birth to a PI calf

A

will

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15
Q

When are BVD vaccines useful?

A

before pregnancy
detecting and culling persistently infected calves is important to control disease in the herd

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16
Q

Bovine respiratory disease complex is also called _____

A

shipping fever

17
Q

What is the most common and costly disease affecting NA beef industry?

A

bovine respiratory disease complex

18
Q

What does bovine respiratory disease complex incorporate?

A

a combination of a suppressed immune system with overgrowth of bacteria from the upper respiratory tract moving to the lower respiratory tract

19
Q

Bacteria of BRDC cause ______, and settle out in the cranial-ventral lung

A

bronchopneumonia

20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of BRDC?

A
21
Q

What are the most common viruses associated with BRDC?

A
22
Q

What are the most common bacteria associated with BRDC?

A
23
Q

How do you recognize BRD?

A
24
Q

How do you control and prevent BVD?

A

avoid mixing cattle from multiple sources
minimize transport times
avoid stacking stressful events
herds should have vaccine protocol
consider metaphylaxis (treatment of group of animal without signs of disease)

25
Q

What are diseases caused by picornaviruses?

A

foot and mouth disease
8 billion dollars to eradicate

26
Q

What are characteristics of foot and mouth disease in ruminants?

A

incubation 2-14 days
very infectious
caused by picornovirus
transmitted between countries in meat products
human infection very uncommon

27
Q

Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a [viral/prion] disease

A

prion

28
Q

Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy is also called

A

mad cow disease

29
Q

How is BSE (Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy) transmitted?

A

slaughter plants (neurological tissue)

30
Q

What are the zoonotic implications for Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy?

A

caused variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease in young people

31
Q

What are characteristics of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies?

A

brain degeneration with vacuolation
long incubation period
caused prion
very hard to inactivate
no host immune response is detectable
invariably fatal
transmitted by common vehicle (meat products), indirect contact, and iatrogenic

Virology (16 decks)

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