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Virology > Swine (16?) > Flashcards

Swine (16?) Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristics of the swine influenza virus?

A

has antigenic shift and drift
RNA virus, enveloped

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2
Q

What is the “swine flu”?

A

IAV

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3
Q

Type ___ influenza virus affects animals

A

A

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4
Q

For swine influenza, antigenic shift has gene recombination. It requires co-infection of a cell, and pigs are said to me a _______

A

mixing vessel (receptor based)

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5
Q

What are important antigens in swine influenza virus?

A

hemagglutinin
neuraminidase
nucleoprotein

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6
Q

What is the main antigen for vaccines?

A

hemagglutinin

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7
Q

What is the traditional strain of swine influenza in the US?

A

H1N1

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8
Q

How is swine influenza transmitted?

A

direct transmission via aerosols
airborne spread rapid onset in growing pigs

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9
Q

What are the two forms of swine influenza?

A

endemic
epidemic

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10
Q

When is swine flu most prominent?

A

late fall

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11
Q

Where is there viral replication in swine influenza?

A

upper airways
- trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
- respiratory epithelium

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12
Q

In swine influenza, immunity develops [rapidly/slowly]

A

rapidly
detectable antibody in 6-7 days
virus detection limited after antibody is produced

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of swine influenza?

A

cough, goose honk/barking
nasal/ocular discharge (sample timing)

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14
Q

T/F: Swine influenza causes abortion

A

TRUE
prostaglandin release from the lungs

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15
Q

What are some gross lesions of swine influenza?

A

lungs often apical or cardiac lobes
sharp demarcation non vs. affected tissue
enlarged bronchial lymph nodes

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16
Q

Coughing because of swine influenza is due to _____

A

degeneration and necrosis of respiratory epithelium

17
Q

For swine influenza, what is common for strain matching?

A

sequencing

18
Q

What are the serologies for Swine influenza virus?

A

ELISA
hemagglutination inhibition

19
Q

What are the molecular techniques for swine influenza viruses?

A

PCR - virus detection, subtyping using several primers

sequencing - standard

20
Q

What is the treatment for swine influenza virus?

A

antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
anti-inflammatories in water

21
Q

How do you prevent swine influenza?

A

maintain good biosecurity
vaccination
maternal-derived antibody

22
Q

What is the most important disease in pigs worldwide?

A

PRRS - constantly mutating

23
Q

What are the characteristics of PRRS?

A

constantly mutating - “quasi species”

immunity induced by one strain does not protect against another strain

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of PRRS?

A

infects dendritic cells (macrophages) - primarily in respiratory tract
PAMS (pulmonary alveolar macrophages)
PIMS pulmonary intravascular macrophages

25
Q

What is the transmission of PRRS?

A

oro-nasal spread - including semen
highly infectious - only takes a few viral particles to infect a pig

26
Q

Which virus is shed in semen?

A

PRRS

27
Q

During the gestation phase, what can PRRS affect?

A

weak born pigs
stillborn pigs
mummies
early embryonic death —> reduced litter size
return to estrus
abortion

28
Q

What is the significance of boars regarding PRRS?

A

shed in semen
boars in studs monitored by PCR testing of blood swabs

29
Q

What are the clinical outcomes of PRRS?

A

severe respiratory disease: interstitial pneumonia

30
Q

After 8 weeks of age, is PRRS as effective?

A

NO - severity of infection diminishes greatly after 8 weeks of age unless co-infected with another agent like mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, influenza, porcine cicovirus type 2

31
Q

What are the gross lesions of PRRS?

A

interstitial pneumonia: can visualize septa
enlarged lymph nodes - sub-iliacs are best to view

32
Q

How do you test for PRRS in the laboratory?

A
33
Q
A

Virology (16 decks)

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