1.1 Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Small subunits that join together to form a polymer.
Give examples of monomers.
Monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides
What is a polymer?
Long chain molecules formed when many monomers join together.
Give examples of polymers.
Polysaccharides, proteins, DNA/RNA
What are the monomers of a carbohydrate?
Saccharides
What happens in a condensation reaction?
A chemical bond forms between two molecules and a molecule of water is produced
What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
A water molecule is used to break a chemical bond between two molecules
Name the 3 hexose monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What bonds are formed between monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
What reaction forms glycosidic bonds?
Condensation
What is released in a condensation reaction?
Water molecule
Name 3 disaccharides.
Maltose, sucrose, lactose
What forms maltose?
a glucose + a glucose
What forms sucrose?
Glucose + fructose
What forms lactose?
Glucose + galactose
What is the molecular formula of maltose, sucrose and lactose?
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
How do disaccharides form?
Condensation reactions form glycosidic bonds between 2 monosaccharides
Describe the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose.
The H and OH on carbon 1 are rinverted, the OH below on alpha glucose and above on beta glucose
What is a polysaccharide?
Many monosaccharides joined by condensation reactions to form glycosidic bonds
Name 3 polysaccharides.
Starch, cellulose, glycogen
What is the function of starch?
Glucose storage molecules in plants for respiration
What is the function of glycogen?
Glucose storage molecules in animals for respiration